Bio Test 3

which of the following is considered a genetic disease?

Both sickle-cell and cystic fibrosis

A genetic disease is caused by a mutation in DNA sequence that is passed from one generation to the next.

True

What is a gene?

small piece of DNA that codes for RNA or a protein

In humans, what types of cells are for reproduction?

both egg and sperm cells

In Sickle-cell anemia, the red blood cells forms a cube shaped structure.

False

People with Sickle-cell anemia are born with it.

True

Sickle-shaped red blood cells don’t move easily through blood vessels.

True

What type of diseases are passed from one generation to the next within a family?

genetic disease

Mutations affect the DNA sequence

true

All genes code for proteins.

False

Which of the following represents homozygous dominant?

DD

Which of the following represents heterozygous?

Dd

Mendel is considered the father of genetics.

True

In mice, white fur is recessive to gray fur. A white mouse mated with a heterozygous gray mouse. What is the probability they will have an offspring with white fur?

50%

Which of the following individuals studied Pea plant inheritance traits?

Gregor Mendel

A small piece of DNA codes a RNA for a protein forms what?

gene

Mendel kept detailed records of the genetic traits of parent plants and their offspring plants. Among observations, he found that some traits were not expressed, whenever one particular allele was present. He referred to these traits as masked traits or as what?

recessive traits

One cat carries heterozygous, long-haired traits (Ss). and its mate carries homozygous short-haired traits (ss). Use a Punnet square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having long hair.

50%

Which of these describes how an organism looks?

Phenotype

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). A homozygous tall plant was crossed with a short plant. What is the probability they will have tall offsprings?

100%

In a typical person, how many pairs of autosomes do they have?

22

The function of meiosis is to double the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell.

False

An egg and sperm fused forming what type of cell?

Zygote

DNA exists as a single, long, double-stranded fiber extending chromosome’s entire length.

True

During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase I

The main function of meiosis is to produce identical daughter cells.

False

In females, the germ cells are located in what organ?

Ovaries

What is chromatin composed of?

DNA plus packaging proteins

In animals, the germ cell undergoes what process to produce gametes?

meiosis

How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell contain?

2

Adenine always pairs with

thymine

guanine always pairs with which nucleotide?

cytosine

DNA is composed of fatty acid tails.

False

A typical DNA molecule in living organisms contain how many strands?

2

Who discovered transformation?

Fredrick Griffith

The phosphodiester bond is a covalent bond between what 2 molecules?

nucleotides

During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA?

Helicase

During replication, what enzyme adds complimentary bases?

polymerase

Okazaki fragments form on what strand?

lagging strand

The element that transformed the bacteria in Griffith’s experiments was what type of molecule?

DNA

Which of the following represents the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

DNA→RNA→protein

What does RNA stand for?

ribonucleic acid

Which of the following nucleotides is not found in RNA?

Thymine

Which of the following nucleotides is not found in DNA?

uracil

In living organisms, DNA is double stranded.

True

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that builds DNA

False

In living organisms, there is at least 50 different types of amino acids.

False

What type of RNA molecule carry amino acids to ribosomes?

tRNA

What is transcription?

the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called ____, which utilizes the enzyme ____.

transcription, RNA polymerase

Hemoglobin is a complex protein composed of 5 polypeptide chains.

False

What is another name for red blood cells?

erythocytes

When we breathe, air enters the bronchioles of the lungs.

True

In mammals, the mature red blood cells contain nuclei.

False

Which organ system contains structures and organs for gas exchange?

respiratory system

Which of the following structure/organ is found in the respiratory system?

Lungs

The circulatory system includes the heart and the lungs for gas and nutrient exchange.

True

When you breathe in air, you bring oxygen into your lungs and blow out what type of gas?

Carbon dioxide

What is the name of the tiny thin-walled air sacs in your lungs?

Alveoli

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

gas exchange