Properties and Reactions of Acid and Bases

What is an acid?

An acid is a substance that ionizes and releases a hydrogen ion in solution when dissolved in water.

What is a proton donor?

An acid is called a proton donor because it gives away a hydrogen ion to another reactant.

What are some properties of acids?

1) Sour taste 2) Corrosive 3) Change blue litmus red 4) pH of less than 7 5) Conduct electricity.

How do bases differ from acids?

A base is a proton acceptor, while an acid is a proton donor.

What is an alkali?

An alkali is a base that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Give an example of a notable alkali.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an example of a notable alkali.

List some properties of bases.

1) Bitter taste 2) Corrosive 3) Feel soapy 4) Turn red litmus blue 5) pH greater than 7 6) Conduct electricity.

What does a pH scale measure?

The strength of an acid or alkali; values lower than 7 indicate acidity.

What color does litmus turn in acidic solutions?

Red.

What color does litmus turn in alkaline solutions?

Blue.

What is the difference between strong and weak acids?

Strong acids are fully ionized in water, while weak acids are only partially ionized.

List two examples of strong acids.

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl).

What reacts with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas?

Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas.

What is produced when acids react with carbonates?

A salt, carbon dioxide, and water are produced.

Give one example of an amphoteric hydroxide.

Zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) is an example of an amphoteric hydroxide.

What happens when an acid reacts with a base?

They produce a salt and water.

What concept describes the number of H+ ions produced per molecule of acid?

Basicity.

What type of acid is HCl?

HCl is a monobasic acid.

What do dibasic acids produce?

They produce two H+ ions per molecule.

What do tribasic acids produce?

They produce three H+ ions per molecule.

What is produced when potassium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?

Potassium chloride and water are produced.

What reaction occurs between an acid and a carbonate?

Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water.

How do acids react with ammonium salts?

Bases react with ammonium salts to produce a salt, ammonia, and water.

What type of indicator turns red in acidic solutions?

Litmus indicator.

What type of indicator turns yellow in alkaline solutions?

Methyl orange indicator.

Define a strong alkali.

A strong alkali is fully ionized when dissolved in water.

What is a weak alkali?

A weak alkali is only partially ionized when dissolved in water.

What kind of solution does sulfuric acid form when ionized?

Sulfuric acid forms 2 H+ ions and a sulfate ion (SO4 2-).

What ions are present in a strong alkaline solution?

High concentration of OH- ions.

What color does phenolphthalein turn in alkaline solutions?

Pink.

What is the action of an acid on a metal?

It produces salt and hydrogen gas.

What do the oxides of lead, aluminum, and zinc have in common?

They are all amphoteric.

What do bases feel like?

Bases feel slippery or soapy.

What is the pH of a neutral substance like water?

A pH of 7.

What is the reaction called when acids react with bases?

Neutralization reaction.

What is produced when an acid reacts with water in solution?

Hydrogen ions and an anion from the acid.

How are alkalis characterized versus bases?

Alkalis dissolve in water and produce OH- ions, while not all bases do.

What happens to blue litmus paper in acidic solutions?

It turns red.

What defines an acid in terms of proton donation?

An acid is defined as a proton donor that releases hydrogen ions in solution.

What is the common pH range for acids?

Acids have a pH less than 7.

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl.

How can acids conduct electricity?

Acids can conduct electricity due to the presence of free-moving ions in solution.

What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

The reaction produces a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

What is the nature of a strong acid's ionization in water?

A strong acid is fully ionized in water.

What type of indicator is used to test for acidity?

Litmus paper is often used as an indicator for acidity.

What is produced when an acid reacts with a base?

The reaction produces a salt and water.

What is the difference between a strong and weak base?

A strong base is fully ionized in water, while a weak base is only partially ionized.

How does sulfuric acid differ from hydrochloric acid in terms of ionization?

Sulfuric acid is diprotic, producing two hydrogen ions, while hydrochloric acid is monobasic, producing one.

What is the role of a base in a neutralization reaction?

In a neutralization reaction, a base reacts with an acid to form salt and water.

What color does phenolphthalein turn in an alkaline solution?

Phenolphthalein turns pink in an alkaline solution.

What type of pH does a neutral solution have?

A neutral solution has a pH of 7.

What is the main characteristic of an amphoteric substance?

An amphoteric substance can act as either an acid or a base.

What do strong bases generally taste like?

Strong bases generally have a bitter taste.

What occurs during the hydrolysis of sulfuric acid?

Hydrolysis of sulfuric acid produces hydrogen ions and sulfate ions.

What are the properties of ammonium salts when reacted with acids?

Ammonium salts release ammonia gas when reacted with strong acids.

What is the significance of a substance having a high concentration of hydroxide ions?

A high concentration of hydroxide ions indicates a strongly alkaline solution.

How does blue litmus paper react in the presence of an acid?

Blue litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions.

What does a low pH indicate about a solution?

A low pH indicates that the solution is acidic.