Anatomy - Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Unit

rahhhh last min studying rahhhh (i lowkey will fail but i'll forever slay i hope)

Pituitary gland made of ___

Anterior/Posterior Pituitary

Hormone cascades

Hormone causes another hormone to react

Does the posterior pituitary gland produce anything

No

What does the anterior pituitary/hypothalamus share

Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal portal system

Posterior pituitary gland stores AND secretes

Oxytocin and ADH

what does oxytocin help with (3 things!)

Childbirth/bonding/breastfeeding

What kind of feedback loop is breastfeeding

Positive feedback loop

Hormone A is released → binds to receptor → stimulates Hormone B. What is this called?

Tropic Hormone

What does Anterior Pituitary Gland produce/release

Prolactin/GH/ACTH

Blood osmolarity stimulates hormone release. What is this known as?

Humoral stimulation

How are hormones dispersed throughout the body?

Through circulatory system/diffusion of target tissue’s interstitial fluid

Common responses to hormone stimulation

Open/close protein channels

Hormone Release

Stimulate cell growth/repair

Enzyme activates to metabolize compounds

Hormones with short half-lives will be eliminated from body faster than long half lives

TRUE

Endocrine system characteristics

Slow start/long lasting

Maintain homeostasis

Regulate development

Thyroid Hormone helps with

Helps regulate metabolism/body temp

What does Calcitonin do

Reduce blood calcium through bone building

ADH’s purpose is

water retention from kidney’s filteration system to bloodstream

What are the nervous system’s effects

Immediate/short lasting

What is the disease that involves polyuria (lots urinating)

Diabetes Insipidus; too little ADH/lack kidney response

Nephrogenic

Lack of kidney function

TRH releases

TSH

CRH releases

ACTH

ACTH releases

cortisol

GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) leads to

LH and FSH

GHRH leads to

Growth Hormone

What is LH in charge of

Ovulation/estrogen/progesterone/testosterone

FSH is in charge of

Eggs and sperm

Acromegaly

Thick bones; Adulthood

What is Pituitary dwarfism caused by

Low levels of GH

What causes type I diabetes (mellitus)

Genetic mutation/autoimmune disorder

Blood glucose rises ____ releases insulin to lower levels

Pancreas

not dilute urine but

dilute blood levels

Calcitonin

decreases blood calcium levels

If a patient has low TH levels and responds normally, their TRH levels would be

High

What retains water by increasing protein channels in kidneys

ADH

What retains water by increasing sodium/chloride retention into blood

Aldosterone

What counteracts Aldosterone by increasing sodium excretion → lose water through urination

ANP (from heart)

What is an energy molecule gained from food

Glucose

What is a storage molecule that enables body to keep energy for later use

Glycogen

What is a hormone in pancreas that leads to raising blood glucose levels

glucagon

Where is cortisol and aldosterone produced

Adrenal cortex

Where is epinephrine/norepinephrine made

Adrenal Medulla

Hypothalamus

helps connect to endocrine system

Posterior Pituitary serves as

storage