Genetic Profiling

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary related to genetic profiling, its uses, and techniques.

Genetic Profiling

A technique of cutting a DNA sample into fragments and separating them by size to create a unique profile of DNA bands for each individual.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used in DNA profiling where an electric current is passed through a gel containing DNA fragments, separating them by size.

Isolation (Genetic Profiling)

Separate the DNA from other tissues.

Fragmentation (Genetic Profiling)

Use an enzyme to break the DNA into short lengths.

Comparison (Genetic Profiling)

Match the pattern of fragments on the gel with other samples of DNA.

Paternity Testing

A method to determine if a man is the father of a particular child by comparing DNA profiles.

Species Classification using Genetic Profiles

The more closely related two individuals are, the more similar their DNA profiles will be.

Forensic Science (Genetic Profiling)

Comparing DNA from a crime scene with a suspect's DNA to determine if the suspect was present at the scene.

Disease Diagnosis (Genetic Profiling)

Identifying genes associated with diseases or disorders in a person's genetic profile for early diagnosis and treatment.

Steps of Genetic Profiling

1. First extract the DNA from the cells in the sample (e.g blood)

2. DNA is cut up into fragments

3. DNA fragments are separated by size using gel electrophoresis and separated into bands.

Advantages of Genetic Profiling

• DNA evidence is reliable as it is highly unlikely that two people would share the same profile, except in the case of identical twins

• DNA profiles can be used to determine paternity

• DNA profiles can be used to identify genetic disorders early

• DNA profiles can be used to place suspects at a crime scene

Disadvantages of Genetic Profiling

• Stored DNA data might get into the hands of insurance, loan companies or employers who could analyse your DNA for predisposition to disease and refuse your business because of it

• Storage of DNA profiles can be seen as an invasion of privacy

• Theft of DNA profiles from a database is a real threat

• It is possible to plant DNA at a crime scene giving false evidence, or an innocent person’s DNA might be at the scene even though they had nothing to do with the crime