States of Conciousness

c) Visual information from the eye is being processed unconsciously, so people with blindsight don't know that they are visually processing information.

What is the best explanation for blindsight?

a) People with blindsight can see normally, but they are lying in order to get attention.

b) The memory system has been damaged, so people with blindsight can report what they see, but then they forget that they saw it.

c) Visual information from the eye is being processed unconsciously, so people with blindsight don't know that they are visually processing information.

d) Blindsight is a psychological defense mechanism, caused by a self-protective need to deny visual information that might cause fear, anxiety, or shame.

a) effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.

a) effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

b) people acting as they do because of social expectations for how a hypnotized person should behave

c) practiced only by people who are already dissociated from reality

d) a way of forgetting bad memories

b) A lack of sleep leads to impairments in our abilities to maintain attention, make decisions, and recall long-term memories.

According to the cognitive theory of sleep, which of these statements is true regarding the relationship between sleep, cognitive function, and memory formation?

a) Sleep is not related to cognitive function and memory formation.

b) A lack of sleep leads to impairments in our abilities to maintain attention, make decisions, and recall long-term memories.

c) More REM sleep can dramatically cognitive function and improve memory.

d) Too much slow wave sleep can impair memory formation.

b) 2

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

d) stimulants.

Cocaine, amphetamine, and MDMA are all central nervous ____________ that agonize dopamine neurotransmission.

a) depressants.

b) hallucinogens.

c) transmitters

d) stimulants.

c) pituitary gland

The ___________ is vital to sleep because it secretes growth hormones.

a) pineal gland

b) pons

c) pituitary gland

d) amygdala

?c) The unconscious refers to mental processes and information that are inaccessible to conscious awareness.

What distinguishes the subconscious from the unconscious?

a) The subconscious is a deeper level of mental processing than the unconscious.

b) The unconscious is typically driven by deeper psychological forces than the subconscious.

c) The unconscious refers to mental processes and information that are inaccessible to conscious awareness.

d) The unconscious can be accessed with some effort or attention, while the subconscious cannot be accessed without therapy or other techniques.

c) The consequences of reduced amounts of sleep.

How is sleep debt defined?

a) Getting sufficient sleep on a chronic basis.

b) A person who has trouble falling asleep.

c) The consequences of reduced amounts of sleep.

d) The amount of time a person spends in bed.

c) methadone

Carla began injecting heroin at a young age and is now in her early 2020s. She's tried to get off of the drug a few times, but the flu-like symptoms and intense pain have been too much to handle. She's hopeful now that doses of __________ will help her finally overcome her addiction.

a) codeine

b) cough suppressant

c) methadone

d) alcohol

b) depressant

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

a) antipsychotic

b) depressant

c) stimulant

d) detoxifier

c) Circadian; Melatonin

Your friend notices that she feels most alert in the late morning and starts to feel tired around 10 PM. This pattern of alertness and tiredness that repeats every 2424 hours is an example of which biological rhythm? Additionally, what hormone is primarily responsible for inducing sleepiness in this cycle?

a) Circadian; Cortisol

b) Homeostatic; Melatonin

c) Circadian; Melatonin

d) Ultradian; Adrenaline

d) Rosalind Cartwright

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

a) Carl Jung

b) Sigmund Freud

c) Abraham Maslow

d) Rosalind Cartwright

c) a substance use disorder.

John Lloyd knows he should quit drinking but feels like he simply cannot stop, despite several attempts to give up alcohol altogether. He always drinks more than he plans to and can't resist stopping by the bar every night.

His use is damaging his family life and making concentrating at work difficult. David could be diagnosed with:

a) psychological dependence.

b) drug tolerance disorder.

c) a substance use disorder.

d) physical dependence.

b) Caffeine

Which stimulant is a bitter psychoactive drug commonly used around the world and found in the beans, leaves, and fruits of many plants?

a) Nicotine

b) Caffeine

c) Cocaine

d) Hallucinogen

c) Hallucinogens

What drugs could best be defined as psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations?

a) Stimulants

b) Opioids

c) Hallucinogens

d) Depressants

d) spend more time in REM sleep.

LaTosha hasn't slept well for several nights, due to some unruly parties happening next to her dorm. When she finally does get to sleep again, it is likely that she will:

a) spend more time in Stage 1.

b) take more time to transition between stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.

c) have insomnia.

d) spend more time in REM sleep.

a) Stage 3; no treatment

Night terrors are apparent during ___________ sleep and generally require __________________.

a) Stage 3; no treatment

b) Stage 1; a special sleeping device

c) REM; medication

d) theta; sleep apnea mask

Hypnosis

_______ is a state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli.

Narcolepsy

_____ involves an irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours and is often associated with cataplexy and hallucination.