TOPIC_1.7_Biotechnology_-_Tools_and_Techniques___1_

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20 Terms

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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
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Protein Synthesis
The process by which cells produce proteins based on the information encoded in DNA.
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Enzymes
Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
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Gene Expression
The process through which genetic information is translated into proteins.
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Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in protein structure and function.
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Biotechnology
The use of living organisms or their products to develop or create useful products.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, creating multiple copies.
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Electrophoresis
A method used to separate DNA fragments based on size by applying an electric current.
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DNA Profiling
A technique used to identify an individual's unique genetic makeup.
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Restriction Enzymes
Bacterial proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic engineering.
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Gel Electrophoresis
A technique for separating DNA fragments by size using a gel matrix.
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DNA Ligase
An enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, particularly during the process of replication.
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Human DNA
The genetic material that composes the human genome, consisting of approximately 3 billion base pairs.
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Fluorescent Dye
A chemical used in various laboratory techniques to visualize DNA or proteins under UV light.
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Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR)
Sections of a genome where a short nucleotide sequence is repeated a variable number of times among individuals.
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Short Tandem Repeats (STR)
Short sequences of DNA that repeat, used in DNA profiling due to their high variability.
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Southern Blotting
A method used to detect specific DNA sequences in DNA samples after separation by gel electrophoresis.
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Gene Probe
A labeled fragment of DNA or RNA used to detect the presence of complementary sequences of DNA.
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Transgenesis
The process of introducing a foreign gene into an organism's genome.
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CRISPR
A revolutionary gene-editing technology that allows for precise modifications of DNA.