Child Development Psych 2AA3

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48 Terms

1
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What is the main question posed by the continuity theme in developmental psychology?

Can we predict who a baby will become?

2
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What are the two perspectives within the continuity theme?

Development can be continuous (gradual growth) or discontinuous (distinct stages).

3
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What is an example of continuous development?

Cognitive ability development with small gains over time.

4
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What is an example of discontinuous development?

Piaget’s theory with stages like sensorimotor and preoperational.

5
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What is an example of a continuity vs. discontinuity debate?

Whether learning math skills happens gradually or through specific leaps in understanding.

6
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What is the key question posed by the nature vs. nurture theme?

Do our genes or environment dictate who we become?

7
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What does nativism emphasize in the nature vs. nurture debate?

The role of genes in determining traits.

8
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Who is an example of a nativist, and what was his controversial movement?

Francis Galton, Eugenics.

9
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What was the goal of Eugenics?

To improve the human race through selective breeding and practices like forced sterilization.

10
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What does empiricism emphasize in the nature vs. nurture debate?

The role of environment in shaping traits.

11
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What are some examples of empiricism in psychology?

Classical and operant conditioning by John Watson and B.F. Skinner.

12
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How does the example of Kate Hudson relate to nature vs. nurture?

Her talent is influenced by both her genes and upbringing.

13
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What is the focus of the active child theme?

How children influence their own development.

14
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What is an example of the active child theme?

Harry Potter being shaped by his motivations despite his background.

15
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What are the implications of the active child theme?

Children's choices, like joining group activities, affect their learning and stress levels.

16
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What does the biological perspective in developmental psychology focus on?

Biological maturation controlled by DNA.

17
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What are examples of the biological perspective?

Nativism and neuroscience.

18
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What did Freud emphasize in the psychodynamic perspective?

The unconscious mind and instinctual drives influencing behavior.

19
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What did Erikson emphasize in the psychodynamic perspective?

Resolving social challenges across life stages, such as forming identity during adolescence.

20
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What is the main idea of the learning perspective?

Behavior is shaped by classical and operant conditioning.

21
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Who are key influencers of the learning perspective?

John Watson and B.F. Skinner.

22
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What is the focus of the cognitive perspective?

Intellectual capacities and stages of cognitive development.

23
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Who developed the stages of cognitive development theory?

Jean Piaget.

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What do information processing theories focus on?

Intellectual capacities and gradual mental development.

25
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What is the focus of the contextual perspective?

Social interactions and studying development within a broader context.

26
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Who is a major proponent of the contextual perspective?

Vygotsky.

27
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What did Vygotsky emphasize about development?

It occurs through social interactions and the context of relationships.

28
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What are the three key themes in developmental psychology?

They are continuity vs. discontinuity, nature vs. nurture, and the active child.

29
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What does the theme of continuity ask?

It asks if development is gradual and continuous or occurs in distinct stages.

30
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Give an example of continuous development.

Cognitive ability development with small gains over time.

31
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Give an example of discontinuous development.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which includes distinct stages like sensorimotor and preoperational.

32
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What is an example debate related to continuity?

Whether math skills develop gradually or through stage-like leaps in understanding.

33
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What question does the nature vs. nurture theme explore?

Do genes or the environment play a bigger role in development?

34
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What does nativism emphasize?

Nativism emphasizes the role of genes in determining traits.

35
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Who was Francis Galton, and what was he known for?

He was a proponent of Eugenics, which aimed to improve the human race through selective breeding.

36
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What was a controversial practice associated with Eugenics?

Forced sterilization to control genetic traits.

37
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What does empiricism focus on?

Empiricism focuses on how the environment shapes traits and behaviors.

38
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What is an example of nature and nurture influencing development?

Kate Hudson's talent as an actress influenced by both her genes and upbringing.

39
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What is the key idea of the active child theme?

Children play a role in shaping their own development.

40
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How can children influence their development?

By choosing hobbies, friends, or activities that shape their personality and future.

41
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What is the biological perspective in developmental psychology?

It states that development is driven by biological maturation controlled by DNA.

42
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What is the psychodynamic perspective?

It focuses on unconscious drives and social challenges throughout life.

43
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How did Freud and Erikson differ in their approaches?

Freud focused on instinctual drives, while Erikson emphasized resolving social challenges at various life stages.

44
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What is the learning perspective?

It explains behavior through conditioning, rewards, and punishments.

45
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Who were major figures in the learning perspective?

John Watson and B.F. Skinner.

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What is the cognitive perspective?

It explores intellectual development through theories like Piaget's stages or information processing.

47
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What does the contextual perspective emphasize?

It focuses on how development occurs through social interactions and context.

48
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Who is associated with the contextual perspective?

Lev Vygotsky, who emphasized the role of social interaction in development.