Families and Households

Parsons (DDL)

Parsons (DDL)

Instrumental and expressive role

Bott (DDL)

Conjugal roles: segregated and joint

Wilmott and Young (DDL)

Symmetrical family

Oakley (DDL) CRIT

Wilmott and Young exaggerated.15% of men helped with housework.25% of men helped with childcare

Bolton (DDL)

Less than 20% of men had a major role in Childcare, it was almost always the mother

Warde and Hetherington (DDL)

Sex-typing.Wives were 30x more likely to be the last ones to do the washing

Gershuny - MOP (Couples becoming equal)

Women are working full-time,which led to more equal DDL

BSA 2012 (Couples becoming equal)

Men on average did 8 hours of housework a week.Women on average did 13 hours of housework a week.Men on average did 10 hours of childcare a week.Women on average did 23 hours of childcare a week

Ferri and Smith (Couples becoming equal)

'Dual Burden' = paid work and domestic work.Less than 4% of Fathers took responsibility

Duncombe and Marsden (Couples becoming equal)

'Triple-shift' = paid work, domestic work and emotion work

Southerton (Couples becoming equal)

Women are responsible for coordinating, scheduling and managing 'quality time'

Crompton and Lyonette (Couples becoming equal).

Talks about material and cultural explanation.Material explanation - women earn money now and so couples become equal in terms of the woman to having to rely on the man for money and so might also afford products to help with childcare and domestic labour.Cultural explanation - is division of labour is determined by patriarchal norms and values that shape gender role

Gershuny (Couples becoming equal) - CULTURAL EXPLANATION

Couples whose parents had an equal relationship are more likely to share housework

Dunne (Couples becoming equal) - CULTURAL EXPLANATION

Lesbian couples had more equal relationships because of absence of gender scripts

BSA (Couples becoming equal) - CULTURAL EXPLANATION

47% of over 75s disagreed with traditional gender roles

Man Yee Kan (Couples becoming equal) - MATERIAL EXPLANATION

For every £10,000 a woman earns she does 2 hours less housework

Arber and Ginn (Couples becoming equal) - MATERIAL EXPLANATION

MC women could afford products that help with domestic labour

Vogler et al (Resource and decision-making)

Cohabiting couples are less likely to pool money from the desire of independence

Pahl (Resource and decision-making)

Just pooling money doesn't mean equality. You need to find out who controls pooled money and the contribution they make.

Edgell (Resource and decision-making)

Very important decisions are made by husbands or jointly.Important decisions are made jointly or by the wife.Less important decisions are made by the wife

Pahl and Vogler (Resource and decision-making)

There are 2 main types of control over money: Allowance system, Pooling

Kempson (Resource and decision-making)

Low income females denied their own needs , ate smaller portions to make ends meet

Barrett and Mclntosh (Resource and decision-making)

Men gain more from women's domestic labour than they give back. Argues there are 'strings attached'

Weeks (Resource and decision-making)

Pooling money is used for household spending. Separate accounts are used for personal spending.

Smart (Resource and decision-making)

Gay and lesbian couples attached no importance to who controls the money. There is more freedom. Argues this is because there is no 'heterosexual baggage' in homosexual relationships

Crime Survey for England and Wales 2020 (DV and Abuse)

13.8% of men experienced domestic violence since the age of 16

Black (DV and Abuse)

1 in 7 men are assaulted

Wilkinson and Pickett (DV and Abuse)

They see DV as a result of the stress of family members because of inequality. Low income and overcrowding in households experience high levels of stress. This reduces chance of a stable relationship and increases the risk of conflict.

Coleman (DV and Abuse)

Women are more likely to experience 'intimate violence' across all 4 types of abuse (family abuse, partner abuse, sexual abuse and stalking)

Coleman and Osborne (DV and Abuse)

2 women a week are killed by their partner or ex partner

Dobash and Dobash (DV and Abuse)

Did research in Scotland using police records, court records and interviews in women's refuges. Found that women were often slapped, beaten and raped. It was often set off by a challenge to a man's authority. Argues that marriage ultimately legitimates domestic violence

Ansley (DV and Abuse)

DV is a product of capitalism. Male workers are exploited at work and so they take out their frustration on their wives. (Punchbag theory)

Dar (DV and Abuse)

It is difficult to count separate DV, because abuse may be continuous or the victim lost court of the instances

Yearnshire(DV and Abuse)

Women suffer on average 35 assaults before making a report

Millett and Firestone (DV and Abuse)

Society is based on patriarchy and so men are the exploiters. Thinking the family men dominate with domestic violence of the threat of it. DV preservers men's power. Male domination of state institutions explains the lack of prosecution and record of domestic violence.

Elliot (DV and Abuse)

Not all men are oppressors and aggressive, most are actually opposed to domestic violence