AP Bio cram unit 2

unit 2

unit 2

unit 2 : cell structure and function

Which of the following best explains how the extensive folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane benefits a eukaryotic cell?

Responses

A

It enlarges the volume of the matrix, which allows for more enzymatic reactions.

B

It increases the area available for proteins involved in energy transfer.

C

It allows for greater area for the diffusion of water into and out of the mitochondria.

D

It provides better insulation for reactions in the matrix from conditions outside the mitochondria.

B

It increases the area available for proteins involved in energy transfer.

A student calculated the average surface area-to-volume ratio of four different types of human epithelial cells. The results are shown in the table below.

Cell Type	Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Simple squamous	9
Simple cuboidal	6
Simple columnar	4
Simple spherical	3

Based on the data, which type of cell would be best suited for the lining the alveoli of the lungs, where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen must occur very rapidly?

Responses

A

Simple squamous cells

B

Simple cuboidal cells

C

Simple columnar cells

D

Simple spherical cells

A

Simple squamous cells

Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular functions?

Responses

A

The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins.

B

The phospholipid bilayer physically connects the nuclear envelope to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, thus increasing the rate of transcription and translation.

C

The phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contains chemicals that digest the proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

D

The phospholipid bilayer contains enzymes that catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

A

The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins.

Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes?

Responses

A

Simple diffusion through the membrane

B

Facilitated diffusion through membrane proteins

C

Active transport through membrane proteins

D

Active transport through aquaporins

A

Simple diffusion through the membrane

A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane.

Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A?

Responses

A

Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B

B

Placing distilled water in both chambers

C

Placing distilled water in chamber A and salt water in chamber B

D

Placing salt water in both chambers

A

Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B

A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell.

The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change.

Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?

Responses

A

Increase the solute concentration in the solution

B

Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

C

Increase the temperature of the solution

D

Add artificial aquaporins to the membrane

B

Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

Which of the following best illustrates the flow of information required for the synthesis of proteins encoded in the genome of a retrovirus?

Responses

A

B

C

D

C

What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes?

Responses

A

Evolution of the mitochondria allowed eukaryotes to perform respiration.

B

With the evolution of mitochondria in eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain also evolved.

C

Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately.

D

A nucleus in bacteria provides separation of respiration from transcription.

C

Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately.