PE Sport Psychology 2

types of goals

performance goals

outcome goals

performance goals

performer compares themselves against what they have already done or suggest what they are going to go

outcome goals

used to judge end results

involve comparison with other competitors

outcome that matters

SMART

Specific: state exactly what will need to be done

Measurable: clear what success will look like

Acceptable: decided on by all participants in the process

Realistic: know it is practical- steps can be taken to do it

Time bound: state when it will be achieved

skill

learned action with the intention of bringing about predetermined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy

ability

inherited. stable traits that determine an individuals potential to learn or aquire a skill

skill classification

categorisation of sporting skills in accordance with set continua

basic skill

low levels of concentration

need to master basic skills before they attempt more complex skills

complex skills

more difficult

complicated movements

high levels of coordination and control

closed skill

not affected by environment

occur in fixed or predicable situations

uses exactly same technique every time

i control of what happens next

open skill

affected by environment

externally paced

have to make decisions

adapt their skills to a changing or unpredictable environment

performer is not in control

gross skill

large muscle movements

large muscle groups

not very precise

fine skills

precise movements

small muscle groups

great detail

high levels of hand- eye coordination

self paced skills

controlled by performer

externally paced skills

controlled by environment

information processing

using available information in order to make a decision. this sis choosing a suitable skill or movement

INPUT: information you receive from your senses

DECISION MAKING: performer selects an appropriate response from memory. lmt - long term memory holds information that has been rehearsed and stored. stm - short term memory is the ‘working memory’

OUTPUT: decision chosen is sent to the appropriate muscles to carry out the response

FEEDBACK: information is received intrinsically and extrinsically regarding success of action

guidance

method to convey information to a performer

VISUAL

VERBAL

MANUAL

MECHANICAL

visual guidance

a performer can see something being performed

verbal guidance

a coach telling the learner what they are doing right or wrong

manual guidance

physically moving the performer through touch

mechanical guidance

physical support through the use of equiptments

intrinsic feedback

received from within performance

information from senses and muscles

extrinsic feedback

information received about performance which comes from outside of the performer

arousal

physical and mental state of alertness/ excitement varying from deep sleep to intense excitement

methods to control arousal

mental rehearsal/ imagery/ visualisation

deep breathing

positive self talk

mental rehearsal

performer picturing themselves performing the skill perfectly before attempting it

visualisation

imagining a relaxing scene or place

breathing control

physical or physiological process

directly affects body

affects control of arousal

self talk

psychological process

directly affects the mind

what we tell ourselves about a situation

aggressiobn

a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, which can be physical or mental

types of aggression

direct aggression

indirect aggression

direct aggression

physical contact between players

indirect aggression

does not involve physical contact

taken out on an object to gain an advantage over an opponent

personality

introvert or extrovert

introvert

personality being quiet, passive, reserved and shy

tend to play individual sports because they are self motivated and don’t need others to motivate them

extrovert

personality characterised as sociable, active, talkative and outgoing

tend to play team sports

motiation

the drive to succeed or the desire to achieve something

intrinsic

extrinsic

intrinsic motivation

the drive that comes from within the performer

feeling of pride, self satisfaction or general achievement

extrinsic movement

provided by an outside source or person

drive experienced by a performer when striving to achieve a reward

TANGIBLE REWARDS: certificates, trophies, medals, money

INTANGIBLE REWARDS: praise or feedback from others, applause from the crowd

SUPER

STRONGER: intrinsic generally believed to be stronger/ better

UNDERMINE: overuse of extrinsic can undermine intrinsic value

PERSIST: more likely to persist if motivated intrinsically

EFFORT: more likely to be sustained if intrinsically motivated

RELIANCE: performers can become too reliant on extrinsic motivation