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Troposphere

The later that contains the earth's daily weather

Mesosphere

Extends from 50-80 km above Earth

Stratosphere

The earths ozone layer exists in this layer of the atmosphere

Thermosphere

The highest layer of the atmosphere above 80 km

Troposphere

the layer of the atmosphere that's heated by infrared radiation from the earth

E horizon

silt and sand are concentrated here

O horizon

litter layer mostly un decayed materials

Bedrock

the deep underlying non soil materials

B horizon

the layer where minerals that were leached out of layers above accumulate

A horizon

a mixture of soil loam and detritus, the topsoil

AIDS

the virus that causes this disease is transmitted through bodily fluids

Earthquake

Can cause massive destruction

Asbestosis

caused by microscopic fibers of a mineral

radon

radiation that causes lung cancer

malaria

caused by a bacteria carried by mosquitoes

grassland soil

soil that has a substantial organic layer, fire helps to break down plant material in this layer

pine forest soil

soil comprised of litter and humus, this soil is acidic due to the accumulation of needles

desert soil

soil is rocky, very dry and contains almost no organic matter

tropical rain forest soil

soil is acidic and contains very little organic matter despite large plant population

deciduous forest soil

soil is rich in humus and partially decayed leaves

nitrogen dioxide

is involved in the formation of nitric acid

suspended particulate matter

dust or soot

photochemical oxidant

ozone

sulfur dioxide

is involved in the formation of sulfuric acid

carbon monoxide

health effects include reduced blood oxygen levels

lower the amount of organic matter in the water

the goal of the second stage of a septic treatment plant

Animals that are effected by thermal pollution in a stream is

insect larvae in the water

The National Priorities and brownfields sites are described in

Superfund Program

Later fall frosts and the northward migration of some tree and plant species may indicate

increased global temperature

high infant mortality rates are likely to occur in countries that have

high levels of infectious diseases

composting is a process that produces

a nutrient-rich soil conditioner

True

energy can be converted from one form to another

True

energy input always equals output

True

the laws of thermodynamics can be applied to living systems

at each step of an energy transformation some energy is lost to heat

true

false

energy and matter can generally be converted into each other

oxygen depleted zones of the oceans such as the mouth of the mississippi river are caused by

excessive fertilizers carried into oceans which cause algal blooms that lower the oxygen levels

a benefit of genetically modified foods is

the improved yield in crops

supplies a great amount of useful energy to humans

a liter of gasoline

correct geological era's in order

precambrian, paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic

the percent of the worlds solid waste produced by the US

33 percent

conservation easement is

this is a binding agreement that preserves land from further development in exchange for tax write offs

highest priority of the Clean Water Act is

policies to attain fishable and swimmable waters in the US

changes in the genetic composition of a population over many generations

evolution

women will have more and less healthy children if they

have little education

the maximum number of a species that can be sustained in an ecosystem

carrying capacity

an increase in the about of Uv light striking the earth as a result of ozone loss will cause

increased skin cancer rates in humans

ozone in the troposphere can result in all of the following

eye irritation, bronchitis, headache, emphysema

the amount of energy that plants pass on to herbivores

the net primary productivity (NPP) of an area

the second law of thermodynamics relates of living organisms because it explains why

all living things must have a constant supply of energy in the form of food

acid deposition most severely affects amphibian species because

need to live in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats

internal costs of an automobile are

car insurance, fuel, raw materials and labor, and new tires

scrubbers are devices installed in smoke stacks to

reduce the amount of materials such as SO2 in the smoke the discharge

the unusable parts that remains after ore is mined is called

tailings

Economic goods are

swing set, computer repair service, food and a ticket to a game

coal

contains the greatest amount of sulfur

economic resources include

renewable resources, natural resources, manufactured capital and labor

biological reserves are areas that allow countries to

set aside critical habitats to ensure the survival of species

China

has the largest population

this phase of the hydrologic cycle requires the input of solar energy

evaporation

full coost pricing of a refrigerator would include

the refrigerators total impact on the environment

10 ppm refers to

there are 10 molecules of the chemical in one million molecules of water

this type of birth control is primarily a chemical control

birth control pill

disadvantages of old style landfills are

bad odors, toxic waste that leaches into the ground, subsidence of land, eyesore for neighborhood

the international treaty concerning endangered species (CITES) has tried to protect endangered species by

developing a list of endangered species and prohibiting trade in those species

salt intrusion into freshwater aquifers

beach erosion and the disruption of local fisheries are all possible results of

the chemical actions that produce compost would be best described

decomposition

produces non point source pollution

a large area of farmland near a river

nations gross domestic product

the amount of economic development

requires people and machinery to operate underground

shaft sinking

total fertility rate best expresses

the average number of babies born to a woman between the ages of 14 and 40

Love Canal contaminated the surrounding areas

leaching into ground water, flowing into sewers, runoff into a near by stream and spilled drums of waste

distinct buildings blocks of matter

atoms

in sea water carbon is found in

nicarbonate ions

acid rain and snow harm some areas more because the areas

have less ability to neutralize acids

areas that have a lot of phosphorus

rocks, water, living organisms, guano

addition of oxygen to the early earth's atmosphere most likely occurred through the process of

photosynthesis

the shrinking of the aral sea was caused by

the diversion of the sea's two feeder rivers for agricultural uses

riparian zones are important parts of land because

their an area of diverse habitats along the banks of rivers

disadvantage of fish farming

can lead to large die-offs due to disease

advantage of fish farming

produce large volumes of food, allow for genetic engineering which can lead to bigger hauls, profitable, reduce pressure to harvest wild species

all species are important and we are not in charge

environmental wisdom

form of nitrogen that plants use directly

nitrates

effects of thermal inversion

polluted air at the surface cannot rise because it is blocked by warm air above it

shift to a pattern of more sustainable development

shifting taxes to tax pollution and waste rather than taxing the cost of products will allow people to

most damaging to stratospheric ozone

chlorofluorocarbons

exponential growth

2 4 8 16 32

samples of atmospheric gases from past eras can most easily be done from

gases trapped in polar ice caps

most affected by loss of decomposers

nitrogen cycling

trace element necessary for plant growth

magnesium

environmental justice movement

concern that people of color and poor people are enevenly exposed to environmental pollution