Pre AP Biology | Macromolecules

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_ are known as the building blocks of life

Proteins

Proteins are made of _

Amino acids

_ are a type of protein that help to catalyze reactions

Enzymes

The substance that the enzyme acts on is the _

Substrate

The location where the enzyme and the substrate binds is called the _

Active site

Example: Lactase breaks down lactose, so lactase is the _

Enzyme

The substances that are produced in a reaction are called _

Products

Changing the shape of a protein so it no longer does its job is called _

Denaturing

A reaction that builds simple molecules into complex molecules is _

Anabolic

_ is the energy needed to carry out a reaction

Activation energy

Increasing the enzyme concentration will cause the reaction rate to _

Increase

A reaction that breaks down complex molecules is _

Catabolic

After a substrate undergoes a reaction with an enzyme, it is no longer called a substrate. It is now called _

Products

Small components that bond together to make bigger molecules are called _

Monomers

When an enzyme works to speed up a reaction, this is known as _

Catalysis

A large molecule made of similar smaller subunits is known as a _

Polymer

Example: DNA is just different combinations of nucleotides, so the nucleotides are considered _

Monomers

The monomers of carbohydrates are _

Monosaccharides

A polymer made of monosaccharides is known as a _

Disaccharide, polysaccharide

The monomers that make up lipids are known as _

Glycerol, Fatty acids

The polymers formed of glycerol and fatty acids are known as _

Fats, phospholipids

The monomers found in nucleic acids are called _

Nucleotides

Polymers made of nucleotides are called _

DNA, RNA