kms if not a 93 or higher

What do externalist approaches claim?

Gender is determined solely by external social factors (how one is perceived/treated)

Externalist definition of genderqueer

Being seen as violating binary gender-expression norms OR having an androgynous body

Dembroff’s whole-experience objection

Externalism ignores internal

Dembroff’s overextend objection (externalist)

Misclassifies butch lesbians/drag queens as genderqueer despite not identifying that way

What do internalist approaches claim?

Gender is determined solely by internal factors (inner sense of gender)

Circularity problem

Defines genderqueer only by appealing to the internal feeling of being genderqueer

McKitrick’s dispositional account

Genderqueer = disposed to identify/behave nonbinary in a genderqueer-friendly context

Why Dembroff rejects dispositional accounts

They rely on hypothetical external perception and still misclassify people

Empty-label objection

Makes genderqueer trivial by reducing it to merely being disposed to say “I’m genderqueer”

Overextend objection (dispositional)

Would misclassify cautious genderqueer people as not genderqueer and experimental cis people as genderqueer

What is a critical gender kind?

A gender kind whose members collectively destabilize part of dominant gender ideology

What axis does genderqueer resist?

The binary axis (man/woman as exclusive

What type of destabilization?

Existential destabilization based on felt/desired categorization conflicting with binary assignment

Dembroff’s definition of genderqueer

Members whose internal categorization conflicts with the binary axis and who collectively destabilize it

Why Dembroff is “internal+external”

Combines internal motivation (felt categorization) with external politics (collective destabilization)

Problems this avoids

Avoids misclassification (externalist)

How Dembroff avoids the commonality problem

No single universal shared feature required

variety of ways to destabilize

How Dembroff avoids the normativity problem

Does not prescribe a correct way to be genderqueer or resist the binary