New Testament Final (Seth Hart)

Who is the author of Hebrews?

Unknown

The issues that led to scholars being skeptical of Paul’s authorship of Hebrews

is is anonymous, the Greek is better than paul’s, it shows infleunces of Alexandrian philosphy, different structure

What is unique about Hebrew’s structure? What does it resemble?

less like a letter, more like a sermon, doctrine then application repeat

Was Hebrews most likely written before or after the temple destruction?

before the temple was destroyed

What Old Testament priest is central to Hebrews theology?

Melchizedek

What were the three leadership positions in the old testament?

prophets, priests, kings

What is the name for a theology that emphasizes Christ’s divinity?

christology

What chapter of Hebrews gives a long exposition on Christ’s divinity?

1

True or false: Hebrews is the only document from the period that ties Melchizedek to an appearance of God.

False

What is the term for losing your salvation?

Apostasy

What persecution had the audience of Hebrews recently faced?

Social persecution, public shame, confiscation of property (Heb 10:32–34)

What is the term for the belief that apostasy is impossible?

Perseverance of the saints / eternal security

Why is James controversial?

Because it emphasizes works, which some think conflicts with Paul.

Which James in the New Testament likely wrote the Epistle of James?

James, the brother of Jesus (leader of the Jerusalem church)

Was James a follower of Jesus during His earthly ministry?

No — he believed after the resurrection.

• What Old Testament book is James similar to in terms of genre?

Proverbs — both are wisdom literature.

Who is the likely audience of James?

Jewish Christians in the Diaspora (“the twelve tribes in the Dispersion”)

What two other passages does James act like a commentary on?

• Proverbs

• The Sermon on the Mount

According to tradition, what was unique about Peter’s execution?

He was crucified upside down.

Who was the scribe (amanuensis) that wrote 1 Peter for Peter?

Silvanus (Silas)

Where were the churches Peter is writing to in 1 Peter located?

Asia Minor — specifically:
Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, Bithynia

During what years was 1 Peter likely written?

AD 62–64

How is 2 Peter similar to 2 Timothy?

Both are farewell letters warning about false teachers before the author’s death.

What are the two dominant metaphorical uses of fire in the Bible?

• Judgment

• Purification

What is a major concern in 1-3 John and Jude? (False teachers)

False teachers

• Where was John located when he wrote 1-3 John?

Ephesus

• There are two themes in 1 John that begin “God is ______.” What are they?

• God is light

• God is love

What heresy held that matter was evil and so Jesus could not truly become human?

Gnosticism (specifically: Docetism)

What two noncanonical (not in Scripture) books does Jude quote?

• 1 Enoch

• The Assumption of Moses

What are the four reasons I gave why Jude and the Johannine epistles matter?

• They confront false teachers.

• They defend the identity of Jesus.

• They clarify the ethics of Christian living.

• They provide assurance and boundaries for the church.

Who wrote Revelation?

John (the same “John” exiled on Patmos)

When was Revelation likely written?

AD 90–96, during Domitian’s reign

What is the name of the genre Revelation was written in?

Apocalyptic literature (explicit in Rev 1:1)

Who was (likely) the emperor when Revelation was written?

Domitian

What is the main goal of Revelation?

To reveal to who Jesus is, the victorious lamb who reigns over history

What position believes Revelation should be interpreted as being primarily about the future?

Futurism

What position believes Revelation refers to events that were in the near future for the authors of these texts but are now past?

Preterism

What position believes Revelation maps out church history?

Historicism

What position believes Revelation refers not to particular events in history but the eternal battle between God and Satan?

Idealism

What are the four reasons I gave for why Revelation matters?

1: reminder than the true battle is spiritual and not physical

2: Extended picture of our future hope

3: Shows the lamb is also a lion

4: gives us hope amid suffering

• Who do preterists think the Mark of the Beast refers to?

Nero/Imperial Rome

Who did Martin Luther believe the Mark of the Beast referred to?

Papcy/Rome, the pope

What do many historicists (especially the Reformers) believe the Fall of Babylon was referring to?

Babylon

Which view believes in the Rapture?

futurism

• Which view of the Millennium was held by Papias, a disciple of John?

futurism

Which view believes the millennial reign of Christ is a metaphor for the church age?

idealism

Which view believes that the church’s teachings will slowly conquer the globe?

historicism  

• What was the title given to the second generation of leaders who took over after the death of the Apostles?

Apolistoic Fathers/Church Fathers

True or false: In the earliest church, a single elder (bishop) was always appointed to lead the other elders.

False

What heresy believes the god of the Old Testament is a false god?

Marcionism

What heresy denies the full divinity of the Son?

Arianism (denies full diety of the Son)

What is the title given to church leaders who combatted early heresies in the 2nd-3rd century?

Apologists/Church fathers/Patristic Theologians

What was the name of the emperor who had a vision of the cross in the sky?

Constantine

What was the name of the council that gave us the classic formulation of the Trinity?

Council of Nicaea and Council of Constantinople

What are the elements of the historical-grammatical method?

word studies, genre, layers of context

True or False: It is possible to interpret the Bible free of your tradition.

false

true or false word studies involve knowing the semantic range of words

true

What is the best quality to have when interpreting the Bible?

be aware, analyze how you keep three worlds in tension, be careful not to shut down others who don’t share my world view

What are the three ways that our stories are transmitted to us?

verbally, physically, virtually

What is another word that is similar to how I used “imagination”?

lens or worldview

Fill in the blank: Imagination determines what you think is real, possible, impossible, and

important

What is the name for a “big picture” story that includes all other stories within it?

metanarrative

True or false: At the end of Genesis 1, all of creation was perfect

false

What are the six movements of Biblical history?

creation, fall, nation, christ, church, new creation

What is the one ultimate goal of the church (according to what was taught in class)?

bring everything into subjection to Christ

What are the three myths about the New Testament world?

it is a desert, all jews were expecting a messiah, the Roman Empire was hate by everyone

What are the four truths about the New Testament world?

the Roman Empire was king, in Judea and surround the herodians dynasty ruled under roman watch, while ruled by Rome greek influence was prominent

Which Jewish group was popular among people outside of Jerusalem?

pharisees

Which Jewish group served as Temple elites?

sadducees

How many books of the New Testament are there?

39

What is the word that is used to define the books that “measure up” to being in the New Testament?

canon

What are the criteria for making it into the New Testament canon?

apostolic origin, orthodoxy, catholicity, liturgical use, inspiration

What are the four reasons for why understanding the formation of the New Testament is important?

you can trust the New Testament as the word of God, it unites us as Christians, it regulates our faith, it magnifies the fact that they are not merely human words

What ancient genre do the gospels belong to?

biography

What major political figure was the term “gospel” originally associated with?

Casear

Who was the 19th century figure who rejected all supernatural elements in the Gospels as “mythical”?

David Strauss

Which “historical quest” focused on Jesus as a 1st century Jew?

the third

What are the three “worlds” to pay attention to when interpreting the Bible?

text, original audience, new audience

Which Gospels was Mark a source for?

Matthew/Luke

Whose testimony does Mark’s Gospel supposedly record?

Peter

What other apostle was Mark associated with (but later had a falling out with)?

Paul

According to class, Mark was written before what year?

AD 65

What are Mark’s two main goals?

Who is Jesus? What does it mean to us?

What is the first word in Mark? (Starts with “b”)

beginning

Which of the following summarizes Mark’s portrayal of Jesus?

the suffering servant

Are there resurrection appearances in the book of Mark?

no

Do some scholars believe there was once a longer ending to Mark?

yes

What are the four reasons given for why Mark matters?

Challenges perception; focuses on crucifixion; don’t keep silent; meaning to suffering

Which group was primarily Matthew’s audience?

Jewish

True or false: Matthew is the first book of the New Testament because it was probably written first.

false

What was Matthew’s occupation?

tax collector

What Old Testament books does Matthew’s Gospel parallel?

genesis, exodus, numbers

What theme is an “inclusio” for Matthew

God with us

What part of Jesus’ birth is only recorded in Matthew?

Magi

Why was the Sermon on the Mount given on a mountain?

parallel to Moses receiving the law

Why is Jesus’ reply “I am” important for understanding His walking on water? (It proclaims his divinity)

It was unique to God – Shown in old texts – declaration of divinity

What does Peter’s name mean?

rock

What was the “rock” upon which Jesus built His church (most likely)?

confession of faith

Which parables did we say are only found in Luke?

the good samaritan, the prodigal son

What group of people does Luke emphasize in his Gospel?

disenfranchenized