Chem Notes

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Boiling

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Process of converting a liquid into gas by heating it to its boiling point, used to separate dissolved solids from liquids.

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Simple Distillation

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Technique to separate liquids with different boiling points by evaporation and condensation.

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22 Terms

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Boiling

Process of converting a liquid into gas by heating it to its boiling point, used to separate dissolved solids from liquids.

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Simple Distillation

Technique to separate liquids with different boiling points by evaporation and condensation.

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Centrifugation

Method of separating components based on density by spinning in a centrifuge.

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Sedimentation

Allowing solid particles to settle at the bottom of a liquid based on density differences.

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Filtration

Separating solid particles from liquids or gases by passing through a porous barrier.

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Fractional Distillation

Process of separating liquids with close boiling points through multiple distillation steps.

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Chromatography

Technique separating components based on differential movement through a medium.

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Separator Funnel

Device to separate immiscible liquids by density, draining the less dense liquid from the top.

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Atomic Size

Trend decreasing across periods, increasing down groups in the periodic table.

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Ionisation Energy

Trend increasing across periods, decreasing down groups in the periodic table.

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Electronegativity

Trend increasing across periods, decreasing down groups in the periodic table.

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Reactivity Series of Metals

List of metals in order of reactivity, predicting their behavior in reactions.

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Ionic Bonds

Formed by electron transfer, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

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Covalent Bonds

Atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

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Metallic Bonds

Sharing of outer electrons in metals, creating a "sea" of delocalised electrons.

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Acids

Substances releasing H⁺ ions in water, with strong and weak classifications based on ionisation.

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Monoprotic Acids

Acids releasing 1 proton when dissolved in water.

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Diprotic Acids

Acids releasing 2 protons when dissolved in water.

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Concentrated vs

Concentrated solutions have more substance per unit volume, while dilute solutions have less.

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Bases

Substances releasing OH�� ions, known as alkalis when soluble in water, with properties and examples.

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Salts

Ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid with a base, categorized based on the negative ion they contain.

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Acid Rain

Form of precipitation with acidic components resulting from emissions reacting with water and chemicals in the atmosphere.