C13 - Universal Gravitation

Gravitational force (universal)

g

G (constant)

G = 6.674 × 10^-11 N * m²/kg²

gravity vector field

m₀ = mass of test particle

Kepler’s Laws

1. All planets move in ellipses, with the sun at a foci.

2. dA/dt = constant (r = radius between Sun and planet)

3. T² = (4π²/GM)r³ (T² is proportional to r³)

Potential energy between two bodies

Energy (circular & elliptical orbits)

Escape speed