[ anat 12a ] e1 posterior triangles of neck, cervical plexus, fascia

posterior triangles of neck, cervical plexus, fascia

superficial cervical fascia

[fascial layers of neck] - this is also called the cervical subcutaneous tissue, it is a fattu connective tissue and is located underneath the dermis

platysma

[fascial layers of neck] - this is a broad, thin sheet of muscle, and is involved in facial expressions

superior attachment in facial expressions

[fascial layers of neck] attachment - tenses skin producing vertical skin ridges

inferior attachment in facial expressions

[fascial layers of neck] attachment - depress lower mandible

platysma synkinesis

[fascial layers of neck] - this is defined as the paralysis of platysma

deep cervical fascia

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - serves as the natural cleavage planes that limits the spread of abscesses and allow structure to move and pass over another

investing, pretracheal, prevertebral

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - these are the three layers of deep cervical fascia

investing later

[fascial layers of neck] layers of deep cervical fascia - this is the most superficial, it splits in the four corners of the neck

2 sternocleidomastoid and 2 trapezius muscles (posteriorly)

[fascial layers of neck] layers of deep cervical fascia - these are enclosed by the investing layer of deep cervical fascia.

occipital bone

[fascial layers of neck] investing layer attachments - the deep cervical fascia attached superiorly to the ___.

hyoid bone

[fascial layers of neck] investing layer attachments - the deep cervical fascia attached anteriorly to the ___.

spine of scapula

[fascial layers of neck] investing layer attachments - the deep cervical fascia attached inferiorly to the ___.

nuchal ligament of vertebral column

[fascial layers of neck] investing layer attachments - the deep cervical fascia continuous posteriorly to the ___. this is the triangular membrane forming median fibrous septum

suprasternal space

[fascial layers of neck] investing layer attachments - space lying between two layers of investing fascia

pretracheal layer

[fascial layers of neck] layers of deep cervical fascia - this is thin and limited to the anterior part of the neck. it consist of muscular and visceral part. this also serves as the pulley for the digastric muscle, communicated with the mediastinum

prevertebral layer

[fascial layers of neck] layers of deep cervical fascia - this is concentrated to the posterior part, forms a tubular shape of vertebral column

carotid sheath

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - this is a paired structure. it communicates freely with the mediastum

retropharyngeal spaces of the neck

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - largest and most important interfascial space of the neck. this also allows the pharynx, esophagus, larynx and trachea to move relative to vertebral column during swallowing.

swallow without pain

alar fascia

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - this subdivides the retropharyngeal space. danger space, true rentropharyngeal space

true retropharyngeal space

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - space directly posterior to pharynx.

danger space

[fascial layers of neck] deep cervical fascia - located posterior to the true retropharyngeal space. communicates with the posterior mediastum

posterior cervical triangle

[fascial layers of neck] posterior cervical triangle - posterior to the anterior border of the trapezius.

lateral cervical region

[fascial layers of neck] lateral cervical triangle - also known as the posterior cervical region.

sternocleidomastoid

[fascial layers of neck] muscle - divides the neck into posterior and anterior regions. actions are unilateral, bilateral, and bilateral contraction with head and neck fixed

trapezius

[fascial layers of neck] muscle - posterior border of the posterior cervical triangle. big muscle. almost 1/3 of the back. action is more on the scapula (superior; elevates, middle; retract, interior; depress)

occipital triangle and omoclavicular triangle

[fascial layers of neck] divisions and content of posterior cervical triangle - the PCT is divided into two smaller triangles by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. these smaller triangles are called ___ and ___.

occipital triangle

[fascial layers of neck] divisions and content of posterior cervical triangle - this is the bigger triangle. bounded anteriorly by the SCM and posteriorly by the trapezius

omoclavicular triangle or (subclavian)

[fascial layers of neck] divisions and content of posterior cervical triangle - bounded posterosuperiorly by the inferior belly of omohyoid. contains a portion of subclavian artery

occipital artery

[fascial layers of neck] arteries - it contains a branch of external carotid artery. supplies the posterior half of scalp.

subclavian artery

[fascial layers of neck] arteries - arises from the arch of aorta. this supplies blood to the upper limbs. pulsations is felt when pressure is applied.

suprascapular artery

[fascial layers of neck] arteries - inferolaterally across the anterior scalene and phrenic nerve

transverse cervical artery/ cervicodorsal trunk

[fascial layers of neck] arteries - this runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle. this gives rise to; superficial cervical artery and dorsal scapular artery

external jugular veins

[fascial layers of neck] veins and lymph nodes - this is formed by the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein. this terminates as a subclavian vein.

subclavian vein

[fascial layers of neck] veins and lymph nodes - this is the major venous channel draining upper limbs. this also unites with the internal jugular vein

lymph nodes in the lateral cervical region

[fascial layers of neck] veins and lymph nodes - superficial tissues to superficial cervical lymph nodes

spinal accessory nerve

[fascial layers of neck] spinal accessory nerve - innervates the SCM and trapezius. this also runs over levator scapulae.

torticollis (twister neck)

[fascial layers of neck] clinical correlation - contraction and shortening of muscles of neck. this is congenital or acquired

CN XI damage effects

[fascial layers of neck] clinical correlation - unilateral damage that leads to inability to elevate shoulder.

roots of brachial plexus

formed by the anterior rami of c5-c8 and T1. located between anterior and middle scalene

cervical plexus

t[fascial layers of neck] cervical plexus - this is formed by primary nerve loops. it rises from anteromedial. it also has two branches which are the superficial (posterior) and motor (sensory)

superficial cutaneous (sensory) branches

[fascial layers of neck] superficial branch - receives the gray rami communicantes

transverse cervical nerve

[fascial layers of neck] superficial branch - c2 and c3. at the anterior cervical region (horizontal). it also crosses internal jugular vein and platysma.

descending nerve

[fascial layers of neck] superficial branch - also known as the supraclavicular nerve. emerges as a common trunk under sternocleidomastoid.

lesser occipital nerves

[fascial layers of neck] ascending nerves - originates from c2. innervates the skin of the neck and scalp.

greater auricular nerve

[fascial layers of neck] ascending nerves - from c2 and c3. this ascends vertically across oblique SCM.

motor branches

[fascial layers of neck] ascending nerves - it is the secondary loop. formed by the union of superior and inferior root. this supplies the infrahyoid muscle