CNS-Meninges and Blood Supply

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the meninges, their structure and function, as well as neurotransmitters and their significance in the central nervous system.

The protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called __.

Meninges

The outermost layer of the meninges is known as __.

Dura Mater

The middle layer of the meninges, characterized by its spiderweb-like appearance, is called __.

Arachnoid Mater

The innermost layer of the meninges that closely adheres to the surface of the brain is __.

Pia Mater

The function of the meninges includes providing __ against physical injury and infection.

protection

The __ contains cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions the brain and spinal cord.

subarachnoid space

Meningitis is the inflammation of the __, often caused by infections.

meninges

A collection of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater is termed __.

subdural hematoma

The __ is an anastomosis of arteries at the base of the brain that provides collateral circulation.

Circle of Willis

The internal carotid arteries arise from the __ arteries in the neck.

common carotid

The __ artery supplies the medial surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain.

anterior cerebral

Branches of the vertebral arteries contribute to the __ artery supplying blood to the brain.

basilar

The blood-brain barrier primarily consists of tightly packed __ cells that line the capillaries in the brain.

endothelial

The tight junctions between endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier restrict the __ of substances.

passage

Glutamate is known as the primary __ neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in learning and memory.

excitatory

GABA is the main __ neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety and promotes relaxation.

inhibitory

Dopamine is associated with the brain's __ system, reinforcing pleasurable and motivating behaviors.

reward

Serotonin synthesis involves the conversion of tryptophan to __ by tryptophan hydroxylase.

5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)

An important role of serotonin is to regulate __, affecting mood, appetite, and digestion.

physiological processes

Excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) are characterized as __ of the post-synaptic membrane potential.

depolarizations

Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs) cause __ of the post-synaptic membrane potential.

hyperpolarization