ANSC 1401 - Horses

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Dr. Jackson's General Animal Science 1401 course at TTU: Horses

Animal Science

Animal Sciences

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115 Terms

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Stallion

Sexually mature, male horse. Typically used for breeding.

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Colt

Sexually immature, male horse.

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Mare

Sexually mature, female horse.

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Filly

Sexually immature, female horse.

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Gelding

Male horse castrated before reaching sexual maturity. It is typically done to avoid the issues brought on by testosterone.

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Why do people castrate male horses?

To reduce aggressive behavior, prevent unwanted breeding, and make handling easier. (Testes produce testosterone… the cause of the unwanted behaviors)

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Foal

A young male or female horse until weaned at 4 to 6 month of age.

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Equine

Refers to horses—species name.

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Jack

Male donkey

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Jennet (Jenny)

Female donkey

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Mule

Offspring of a Mare mated to a Jack.

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Hinny

Offspring of a Jenny mated to a Stallion.

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Stud

A term used to describe a male used specifically for breeding. It is also a place where stallions are housed.

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Hand

Unit of measurement for the height of horses.

1 hand is equal to 4 inches

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Gait

The pattern in which a horse moves its feet/hooves.

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What’s the difference between English and Western tacks?

English tack is generally ligher and more streamlined, designed for precision and control. Western tack is heavier and more robust, suited for long rides and roping.

English saddles lack horns, so the riders will be holding the rein with two hands, and the reins will be slimmer and sleeker.
Western saddles have horns, the riders will hold the rein with one hand, and the bit is usually less compact—built for comfort.

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<p>Is this a Western or an English Tack?</p>

Is this a Western or an English Tack?

English

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<p>Is this a Western or an English Tack?</p>

Is this a Western or an English Tack?

Western

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<p>Is this a Western or an English Tack?</p>

Is this a Western or an English Tack?

English

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<p>Is this a Western or an English Tack?</p>

Is this a Western or an English Tack?

Western

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<p>Is this a Western or an English Tack?</p>

Is this a Western or an English Tack?

Western

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<p>Is this a Western or an English Tack?</p>

Is this a Western or an English Tack?

English

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What kind of Gait is the Walk?

A 4-beat gait meaning the horse’s feet/hooves move independently. It is the slowest and most fundamental.

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What kind of Gait is the Trot?

A 2-beat diagonal gait performed in English Tack.

  • It is the most efficient.

<p>A 2-beat diagonal gait performed in <strong>English Tack.</strong></p><ul><li><p>It is the most efficient.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What kind of Gait is the Jog?

A 2-beat diagonal gait performed in Western Tack.

  • Level, smooth sensation.

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What kind of Gait is the Pace?

A 2-beat lateral gait

  • Teeter-totter sensation

  • Only recognized in standardbreds

<p><span>A 2-beat lateral gait</span></p><ul><li><p><span>Teeter-totter sensation</span></p></li><li><p><span>Only recognized in <strong>standardbreds</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What kind of Gait is the Canter?

A 3-beat gait where 2 feet/hooves move simultaneously while the other 2 move independently

  • Preformed in English tack

  • Can also be called a gallop

  • Can manipulate the lead foot/hoof

<p><span>A 3-beat gait where 2 feet/hooves move simultaneously while the other 2 move independently</span></p><ul><li><p><span>Preformed in <strong>English tack</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span>Can also be called a <strong>gallop</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span><strong>Can manipulate the lead foot/hoof</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What kind of Gait is the Lope?

A 3-beat gait where 2 feet/hooves move simultaneously while the other 2 move independently

  • Preformed in Western tack

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What kind of Gait is the Running Walk?

A trained specialty gait only seen in the Tennessee Walking Horse.

  • It is an Artificial Gate.

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing?

Walk

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing?

Running Walk

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing (English Tack)?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing (English Tack)?

Trot

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing (English Tack)?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing (English Tack)?

Trot

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing (Western Tack)?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing (Western Tack)?

Jog

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing?

Pace

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing (English Tack)?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing (English Tack)?

Canter

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing (Western Tack)?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing (Western Tack)?

Lope

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<p>What Gait is this horse performing (Western Tack)?</p>

What Gait is this horse performing (Western Tack)?

Lope

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What are the characteristics of a Sorrel/Chestnut colored horse?

A red-bodied horse with a lighter/same colored mane and tail.

<p>A <strong>red</strong>-bodied horse with a <strong>lighter/same</strong> colored mane and tail.</p>
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What are the characteristics of a Bay colored horse?

A reddish/brown-bodied horse with a black mane and tail.

<p><span>A <strong>reddish/brown</strong>-bodied horse with a <strong>black </strong>mane and tail.</span></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Palomino-colored horse?

  • Considered a breed & a color

  • Have to have a yellow body & a white mane & tail

  • Less than 15% dark hair

  • Nicknamed ”lightened sorrel"

  • Compete in shows for color

<ul><li><p><span>Considered a breed &amp; a color</span></p></li><li><p><span>Have to have a yellow&nbsp;body &amp; a white mane &amp; tail</span></p></li><li><p><span>Less than 15% dark hair</span></p></li><li><p><span>Nicknamed ”lightened sorrel"</span></p></li><li><p><span>Compete in shows for color</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Black colored horse?

A pitch-black horse with a black mane and tail

  • Body will slightly (if at all) show red the sunlight.

<p><span>A <strong>pitch-black</strong> horse with a black mane and tail</span></p><ul><li><p><span>Body will slightly (if at all) show red the sunlight.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Brown colored horse?

Dirt brown bodied horse with a brown/black mane and tail

  • Can see hints of red in the sunlight.

<p><strong>Dirt brown</strong> bodied horse with a brown/black mane and tail</p><ul><li><p><span>Can see hints of red in the sunlight.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Grey colored horse?

Solid or Dappled grey body with lighter gray, even white mane and tail.

<p><span><strong>Solid</strong> or <strong>Dappled grey</strong> body with lighter gray, even white mane and tail.</span></p>
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<p>What color is this horse?</p>

What color is this horse?

Sorrel/Chestnut (AQH)

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<p>What color is this horse?</p>

What color is this horse?

Bay

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<p>What color is this horse?</p>

What color is this horse?

Sorrel/Chestnut

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<p>What color is this horse?</p>

What color is this horse?

Buckskin

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<p>What color is this horse?</p>

What color is this horse?

Bay

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<p>What color is this horse?</p>

What color is this horse?

Black

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What are the characteristics of a light breed of horse?

  • 14.2 hands

  • 900-1200 lbs

  • Riding and leisure

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What are the characteristics of an American Quarter Horse (AQH)?

  • U.S. Origin

  • It is the most popular breed in the U.S.

  • It is typically a solid color.

  • They are incredibly versatile and primarily known for rodeo.

  • They are popular in cutting/roping.

  • They are the fastest in a quarter mile.

<ul><li><p>U.S. Origin</p></li><li><p>It is the most popular breed in the U.S.</p></li><li><p>It is typically a solid color.</p></li><li><p>They are incredibly versatile and primarily known for rodeo.</p></li><li><p>They are popular in cutting/roping.</p></li><li><p>They are the fastest in a quarter mile.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of an Arabian Horse?

  • Light weight

  • Originated in Egypt

  • Known as a desert horse; carried people across the sand.

  • Known for speed and stamina

  • Expressive

  • Variety of colors

  • Dished face, longer and arched neck, high tail setting, large feet

<ul><li><p>Light weight</p></li><li><p>Originated in Egypt</p></li><li><p>Known as a desert horse; carried people across the sand.</p></li><li><p>Known for speed and stamina</p></li><li><p>Expressive</p></li><li><p>Variety of colors</p></li><li><p>Dished face, longer and arched neck, high tail setting, large feet</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Thoroughbred Horse?

  • Originated in England

  • Used for racing, polo, dressage, and 3-day events

  • Noted for speed, stamina, and agility

  • Good for jumping

  • Used to maintain other breeds

<ul><li><p>Originated in England</p></li><li><p>Used for racing, polo, dressage, and 3-day events</p></li><li><p>Noted for speed, stamina, and agility</p></li><li><p>Good for jumping</p></li><li><p>Used to maintain other breeds</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Morgan Horse?

  • Developed in England by Justin Morgan

  • Arabian x Thoroughbred

  • Used for English pleasure and Stock

  • Level hips, notable neck, tail will depend

<ul><li><p>Developed in England by Justin Morgan</p></li><li><p>Arabian x Thoroughbred</p></li><li><p>Used for English pleasure and Stock</p></li><li><p>Level hips, notable neck, tail will depend</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Standardbred Horse?

  • U.S. Origin

  • Well-known for speed, endurance, and fitness

  • Trotters and Pacers

  • Smaller than a Thoroughbred

<ul><li><p>U.S. Origin</p></li><li><p>Well-known for speed, endurance, and fitness</p></li><li><p>Trotters and Pacers</p></li><li><p>Smaller than a Thoroughbred</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Saddlebred Horse?

  • Originated in Kentucky as a plantation horse

  • The “peacock” of the light breeds

  • Expressive, animated, confident, formality, showy, elitist.

  • Used for showing and recreation

  • Known for ease of riding

<ul><li><p><span>Originated in Kentucky as a plantation horse</span></p></li><li><p>The “peacock” of the light breeds</p></li><li><p><span>Expressive,&nbsp;animated, confident, formality, showy,&nbsp;elitist.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Used for showing and recreation</span></p></li><li><p><span>Known for ease of riding</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Tennessee Walking Horse?

  • Originated in Tennessee

  • Owns the Running Walk

  • Big feet

<ul><li><p>Originated in Tennessee</p></li><li><p>Owns the Running Walk</p></li><li><p>Big feet</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Paint Horse?

  • Dictated by their white coloring

  • Must have one spot above their knee larger than a silver dollar

  • Can be bred with Thoroughbreds, AQH or other Paints

  • 3 different patterns in Paints

— Overo

— Tobiano

— Tovero

<ul><li><p><span>Dictated by their white coloring</span></p></li><li><p><span>Must have one spot above their knee larger than a silver dollar</span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><span>Can be bred with Thoroughbreds, AQH or other Paints</span></p></li><li><p><span>3 different patterns in Paints</span></p></li></ul><p><span> — Overo</span></p><p> — <span>Tobiano</span></p><p> — <span>Tovero</span></p>
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What are the characteristics of an Overo Horse?

  • Genes/Inheritance are unpredictable

  • White splotches DONT cross its back

  • Bald (white head) except for around it’s eyes.

  • Eyes are blue.

<ul><li><p>Genes/Inheritance are unpredictable</p></li><li><p>White splotches <strong>DONT </strong>cross its back</p></li><li><p><span>Bald (white head) except for around it’s eyes.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Eyes are blue.</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Tobiano Horse?

  • Very predictable genes/inheritance

  • White splotches across it’s back

  • Typically have dark eyes

  • Colored heads

<ul><li><p><span>Very predictable genes/inheritance</span></p></li><li><p><span>White splotches across it’s back</span></p></li><li><p><span>Typically have dark eyes</span></p></li><li><p><span>Colored heads</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Tovero Horse?

  • Overo x Tobiano

  • Blue-eyed

  • Sometimes bald

  • White will cross it’s back

<ul><li><p><span>Overo x Tobiano</span></p></li><li><p><span>Blue-eyed</span></p></li><li><p><span>Sometimes bald</span></p></li><li><p><span>White will cross it’s back</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Pinto Horse?

  • Shares the same color requirements as a Paint

  • Very inclusive breed

  • Exceptions: Appaloosas or Draft Horses

  • Golden rule: All Paint horses can be a Pinto, but not all Pinto horses can be a Paint

<ul><li><p>Shares the same color requirements as a Paint</p></li><li><p>Very inclusive breed</p></li><li><p>Exceptions: Appaloosas or Draft Horses</p></li><li><p>Golden rule: All Paint horses can be a Pinto, but not all Pinto horses can be a Paint</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of an Appaloosa Horse?

  • Developed in Idaho by Nez Perce Native Americans

  • Requirements:
    - White scelra (area around the eyes)
    - mottled fur (Uneven mixture of dark and light)

    - Irregular spots
    - Hooves striped vertical

  • Two basic color patterns
    - Blanket (on the rump)
    - Leopard (all over)

<ul><li><p><span>Developed in Idaho by Nez Perce Native Americans</span></p></li><li><p><span>Requirements:</span><br><span>- White scelra (area around the eyes)</span><br><span>- mottled fur (Uneven mixture of dark and light) </span></p><p><span>- Irregular spots</span><br><span>- Hooves striped vertical</span></p></li><li><p><span>Two basic color patterns</span><br><span>- Blanket (on the rump)</span><br><span>- Leopard (all over)</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Buckskin Horse?

  • All are Quarterhorses

  • Coloring came exclusively from them

  • Have yellow bodies with black manes & tails

  • 3 other patterns are considered Buckskin
    - Dun
    - Red Dun
    - Grulla

<ul><li><p>All are Quarterhorses</p></li><li><p>Coloring came exclusively from them</p></li><li><p>Have yellow bodies with black manes &amp; tails</p></li><li><p>3 other patterns are considered Buckskin<br>- Dun<br>- Red Dun<br>- Grulla</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Dun (Buckskin) Horse?

  • Mouse color with a black dorsal stripe

  • “Diluted Bay"

<ul><li><p><span>Mouse color with a black dorsal stripe</span></p></li><li><p><span>“Diluted Bay"</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Red Dun (Buckskin) Horse?

  • Red color with a black dorsal stripe

  • “Diluted Sorrel"

<ul><li><p>Red color with a black dorsal stripe</p></li><li><p>“Diluted Sorrel"</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the characteristics of a Grulla (Buckskin) Horse?

  • Grey color with a black dorsal stripe

<ul><li><p>Grey color with a black dorsal stripe</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Breed: Paint

Tovero

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Morgan

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Breed: Paint

Overo

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Leopard Appaloosa

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Breed: Paint

Overo

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Palamino

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Dun Buckskin

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Arabian

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Buckskin

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Grulla Buckskin

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Saddlebred

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Breed: Paint

Tobiano

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

American Quarter Horse

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Tennesse Walking Horse

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Red Dun Buckskin

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Pinto

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Pinto

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Grulla, AQH

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Thoroughbred

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

American Quarter Horse

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Appaloosa

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Breed: Paint

Tobiano

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Morgan

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Saddlebred

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Red Dun

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Standardbred

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Tovero

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Dun

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Breed: Paint

Overo

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<p>What breed (pattern) is this horse?</p>

What breed (pattern) is this horse?

Tennesse Walking Horse

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What are the characteristics of a Draft breed of horse?

  • 17.2 Hands average (Range: 16-19 hands)

  • 1,500 to 2,000 lbs

  • Large and Thick bones with heavy necks and heads

  • Developed as War Horses

    • Working horses in underdeveloped countries

    • Used Recreationally and as pets in America

  • Calm and Gentle nature

  • Used in athletic events pertaining to children and elders

  • Used as Nurse Mares

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What is a Half-Draft?

A horse that’s a mix between a Draft horse and a Light horse.