HDE 12: Exam 3

Common sexual behaviors in adolescence

* sexual curiosity and explicit conversations with peers
* sexual obscenities and jokes within cultural norms
* strong sexual attraction
* interest in erotica/porn
* engages in foreplay
* \

how is sexual identity different from childhood in adolescence?

continue to understand their desires, needs, and hopes for sexual fulfillment

virginity

state of never having penile-vaginal intercourse before

noncoital behaviors

kissing, holding, touching, manual and oral stimulation of genitals

What leads adolescents to having sexual intercourse?

strong connection to partner or sexual curiosity

Does same sex experience mean that an adolescent is gay, lesbian, or bi?

no

T/F: Transgender people can identify as any sexual orientation.

True

Why are adolescents at higher risk for pregnancies and STIs?

* not using contraceptives, especially the first few times having sex
* misconceptions about contraceptives

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What is the importance of romantic relationships during adolescence?

some of the most important developmental/interpersonal connections occurs during adolescence (1st love is most influential)

What is the most consistent influence and sexual socialization agent across all age groups?

parents

How does family impact sexual development?

if parents dont talk about sex, kid will think it is taboo which can lead to failure to learn appropriate sexual language, don’t know how to discuss sex in a socially acceptable way, hide their engagement in sex, unable to teach their own children about it

What are the best programs for available for sex education?

New Zealand, Netherlands, and rest of Western Europe

When should you talk to children about sex and puberty?

when they start asking questions

early adulthood

20s to mid 30s

midlife

early 40s to mid 60s

seniors

65-85

elders

85 and over

What leads to people staying single?

singles tend to go out more, socialize more, and do more activities. after divorce, people are likely to stay single too.

single

uncommitted or unmarried

celibacy

intentionally not having sex

abstinent

no sexual behaviors at all

why would people choose to be celibate?

priest/nun, no sex before marriage

casual sex

sex with people who you are not in love with or committed

friends with benefits

involved sexually with friend but with no commitment

serial monogamy

have serious relationship, break up, new serious relationship

polyamory

consensual nonmonagamous practice (all partners are aware), not married

is non-monogamous same as cheating?

no because all partners consent to the relationships

why is this practice controversial?

what happens if children are involved? religious authorities object it

cohabitation

living together or sharing same space as a couple but not married

contraceptive switch

no plans to marry but want kids

what are the components of cohabitation?

living arrangments, what cohabitation means to partners, level of commitment between partners

why might people choose cohabitation ?

precursor to marriage, preference for informal status, avoiding stigma of divorce, age-specific financial benefits

what are the disadvantages of cohabitation?

more infidelity, rarely permanent, stigma, legal confusion

Living Apart Together (LAT)

Dutch version of FWB, having one’s individual space and life, separate from a lover or partner, but still being part of a couple

common law marriage

two people of opposite sex living together for at least 1-2 years and regarding each other publicly as spouses even if they are not legally married. usually have claim on each other’s property but might be deprived of inheritance

domestic partnership

provides some benefits like healthcare to partner

marriage

long term contract that enables people to plan, sacrifice, and build together

traditional marriage

legal union of man and woman

how is legalization of inter-racial marriage similar to same sex marriage?

14th amendment due process clause

What generations had the greatest shift in attitudes regarding same sex marriage? Why?

1996 - 2020, many states legalized it

anti-miscegenation laws

enforce racial segregation in marriage

what were the last states to remove anti-miscegenation laws?

south carolina and alabama

what groups were banned from marrying each other?

homosexual couples, interfaith marriage, multiple spouses

What are culture wars?

creating conflict between cultures

Why is there a culture war over same sex marriage and other issues?

fear of their way of life and their beliefs going extinct, politicians create these to distract from bigger issues

winnowing hypothesis

people select mates based on shared factors such as race, religion, education, age, shared values, and even political attitudes

how does the transition from cohabitation to marriage occur?

it is a winnowing or mate selection process that leads to more selectivity in dating, mating, cohabitation, and marriage

heterogamy

marriage between 2 individuals of different ethnicities, income, social class, or religion

homogamy

marriage between individuals who are culturally similar

DINS

dual income no sex: so busy they don’t have intimacy

Why are Americans getting married later?

economic changes in society (lack of affordable housing, full time to part time, loss of benefits, lack of policies supporting families), women postpone marriage to go to college and have careers, increase in cohabitation, avoiding divorce

How is marriage handled in South Asia?

marry in your caste

How is marriage important in the Pacific Islands?

marriage is necessary to transition from adolescence to adulthood

monogamous marriage

one man and one woman are legally married

nonmonoagmous marriage

person has more than one spouse

polygamy

more than one spouse

polygyny

one man multiple wives

polyandry

multiple husbands

How does polygamy show a range of practices?

FLDS who were pedophiles versus modern polygamists

interracial marriage

different races marrying each other

What implications does the overturning of *Roe v Wade* have on interracial marriage?

*Loving vs Virginia* (interracial marriage) was ruled with the exact same reasoning as *Roe v Wade*

What are the cultural expectations of marriage?

collectivistic cultures (arranged marriage to ensure certain criteria are met) and individualistic cultures (love as basis for marriage)

What are the perceived functions of marriage?

stables families, legal, regulate sexual behavior, emotional and social support system, associated with better health

What are the idealistic characteristics of a good marriage?

commitment to relationship, good communication, intimacy and unity with autonomy, management of stressful events, imaginative and pleasurable sex life, providing emotional nourishment

Factors involved with sexual satisfaction in marriage

mutual satisfaction and initiate sex in a supportive way, frequency of sex,

what are the kinds of extramarital relationships?

consensual and nonconsensual

what are other terms for extramarital relationships?

affair, infidelity, swinging, adultery

Consensual extramarital relationships

swinging (not cheating)

Nonconsensual extramarital relationship

affair, adultery, infidelity

How many marriages in U.S. end in divorce?

40%

How does divorce effect families?

older children adjust better but all are likely to experience depression, anxiety, anger, and grief

When did the supreme court legalize same sex marriage?

2015

How many americans support same sex marriage (marriage equality)?

67%

Is sexual desire extinguished as people age?

no

Ageist

expresses prejudices about being older

Does sexual orientation impact what problems an old person faces?

LGTBTQ more likely to have mental health problems, disability,

T/F: Older adults who have sex have a better life overall.

True

What are some challenges older people face when it comes to expressing sexual desire?

erectile disfunction, vaginal dryness, difficulty moving

How do the challenges older people face differ for men and women?

Men it is physical for women psychological and social

Why is context important regarding descriptions of sexual orientations?

they change depending on time period and might mean different things

What is the difference between sexual acts and sexual orientation?

someone might like the sexual act but not be gay

What types of sexual acts were approved?

opposite sex attraction

compulsory heterosexulaity

regardless of orientation, the condition of being socially compelled to have sexual relationships with opposite gender

what did researchers compare to explain gap between sexual attractions and expressed sexual behvaior?

behavior, desire, identity

What factors help understand the development of sexual orientation?

genetic influences, prenatal influences, environmental influences (post natal), biopsychosocial factors

how do twins studies aid in understanding sexual orientation?

research that compares twins to determine what part of nature or nurture may have influenced their behavior

interactive biopsychosocial approach

biological, psychological, and social factors work together to produce sexual attraction and perhaps sexual orientation

culture variation: Same-sex relationships by age

Greece allowed older married men to engage in sexual behaviors with younger men in their late teens and 20s (could not be the same age)

culture variation: same sex relationship by gender

men could have sex with other men if one of them took on the gender role of a woman

two spirit people

people who were both genders (like men who took on gender role of woman) for indigenous people

culture variation: same sex relationship by gender roles

in some societies like Japan, men could have same-sex relations with men who were actors (crossdressing ie women in shakespeares plays were men)

How did the LGTBQIA movement begin in the US?

Stonewall Tavern Riot after gays had experienced opression for so long in USA

sexual geography

idea that people with different sexual orienations live in particular cities that are gay friendly and more safe

sexual geography was used to address what myth?

Oh I don’t know any gay people so there’s no way 10% of the population is gay

MSM

men who have sex with men, a cultural tag/label not an orientation, usually identify as heterosexual and have a wife but have sex with men occasionally

BODL

being on the down low,, used to refer to African American men who cannot express their sexual orientation openly

stigma

spoils person’s identity and turns them into a social outcast

sexual prejudice

general intolerance and hostility directed toward people because of their sexual orientation or behavior

homophobia

specific fear and hate projected toward same-gender sexuality

homonegativity

a specific homophobia where people have negative perceptions of people just because they are LGBTQ