Studied by 43 people
詞序 (Cíxù):
Word Order:
Follows a S-V-O sentence structure (SVO)
量詞 (Liàngcí):
Measure word/quantifier:
Use of measure words (classifier) when counting or specifying nouns
Some common Measure Words/Quantifiers are:
個 (gè) - General classifier for people and most objects.
只 (zhī) - Used for animals and one of a pair.
本 (běn) - Used for books, magazines, and other bound items.
張 (zhāng) - Used for flat objects like paper, photos, and tables.
杯 (bēi) - Used for cups, glasses, and drinks.
輛 (liàng) - Used for vehicles like cars, bikes, and motorcycles.
瓶 (píng) - Used for bottles and similar containers.
把 (bǎ) - Used for objects with handles, like umbrellas, chairs, and knives.
匹 (pǐ) - Used for horses and long, narrow objects like scarves or belts.
件 (jiàn) - Used for clothing and items of clothing.
方面粒子 (Fāngmiàn lìzǐ):
Aspect particles:
了 (le) - For completed actions
過 (guò) - For experienced actions
否定 (Fǒudìng):
Negations:
不 (bù) - no, not
没有 (méi yǒu) - no, have not, there is not, less than, not to exist
佔有或修改 (Zhànyǒu huò xiūgǎi):
Possession or modification:
的 (de) - Is used to indicate possession or modification
動詞補語 (Dòngcí bǔyǔ):
Verb complements:
Is used to indicate completion, possibility, or direction
句子助詞 (Jùzi zhùcí):
Sentence particles:
嗎 (ma) - For yes-no questions
呢 (ne) - For seeking further information or confirmation
情態動詞 (Qíngtài dòngcí):
Modal verbs:
可以 (kěyǐ) - For permission
能 (néng) - For ability
應該 (yīnggāi) - For obligation
連接詞 (Liánjiē cí):
Conjunctions:
Conjunctions like:
和 (hé) - For “and”
但是 (dànshì) - For “but”
因為 (yīnwèi) - For “because”
重複 (Chóngfù):
Reduplication:
Is used for emphasis or indicating repetition
時態和體標記 (Shí tài hé tǐ biāojì):
Tense and aspect markers:
While Chinese doesn’t have tense markers in the same way as many other languages, aspect markers such as:
了 (le) and 過 (guò) often convey information about the timing or completion of actions
句尾助詞 (Jù wěi zhùcí):
Sentence-final particles:
Are particles added to the end of sentences to indicate mood or attitude.
吧 (ba) - For suggestions or softening requests
呀 (ya) - For emphasis or surprise
啊 (a) - For expressing realization or drawing attention
把字句 (Bǎ zìjù):
吧 (ba) Construction:
Is used to indicate the object of an action and often implies a change in the state of the object.
表達比較 (Biǎodá bǐjiào):
Expressing comparison:
比 (bǐ) - Used to indicate comparison between two things
最 (zuì) - Is used to indicate superlatives
表達佔有 (Biǎodá zhànyǒu):
Expressing possession:
Besides 的 (de) - there are possessive pronouns like:
我的 (wǒ de) for “my”
你的 (nǐ de) for “your” and so on
表達持續時間 (Biǎodá chíxù shíjiān):
Expressing duration:
了 (le) or 著 (zhe) - Is used to indicate the duration of an action
表達條件 (Biǎodá tiáojiàn):
Expressing condition:
如果 (rúguǒ) - For “if”
要是 (yàoshi) - For “if” or “in case,”
如果…就 (rúguǒ…jiù) for “if…then” constructions
表達因果關係 (Biǎodá yīnguǒ guānxì):
Expressing cause and effect:
因為…所以 (yīnwèi…suǒyǐ) for “because…so”
由於 (yóuyú) for “due to” or “owing to”
表達目的 (Biǎodá mùdì):
Expressing purpose:
Use 為了 (wèile) - For “in order to” or “for the purpose of”
表達潛力 (Biǎodá qiánlì):
Expressing potentiality:
By using 可能 (kěnéng) - For “maybe” or “possible”
會 (huì) - For indicating future possibility or probability
