ACE Inhibitors, Statins

Zestril, Prinivil

Generic name: Lisinopril

Indication: Hypertension and Heart Failure,

Class: ACE Inhibitor;

Vasotec

Generic name: Enalapril

Indication: Hypertension and Heart Failure

Class: ACE Inhibitor;

Lotensin

Generic name: Benazepril

Indication: Hypertension

Class: ACE Inhibitor;

Altace

Generic: Ramipril

Indication: Hypertension and Heart Failure

Class: ACE Inhibitor;

ACE Inhibitors are contraindicated (not used) in patients who are

Pregnant due to the risk of fetal harm due to a decrease in amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds the fetus).

In patients with hyperkalemia (increases K+ in the blood).;

Side/Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A dry, hacking cough is COMMON.

Angioedema - SERIOUS SIDE EFFECT

Hyperkalemia - SERIOUS SIDE EFFECT

Orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure when going from a sudden change in position);

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

They block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to decreased vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion;

What is the result of blocking angiotensin II by ACE inhibitors?

Decreased vasoconstriction (lowers blood pressure) and aldosterone secretion (leads to diuresis);

Lipitor

Generic name: Atorvastatin

Indication: High cholesterol

Class: HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor;

Zocor

Generic name: Simvastatin

Indication: High cholesterol

Class: HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor;

Crestor

Generic name: Rosuvastatin

Indication: High cholesterol

Class: HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor;

Statins are contraindicated (not used) in?

Liver disease and pregnancy and lactation;

Pravachol

Generic name: Pravastatin

Indication:High cholesterol (hypercholesteremia)

Class: HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor;

Mevacor

Generic name: Lovastatin

Indication: High cholesterol

Class: HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor;

What is the mechanism of action of statins?

Inhibits liver enzyme (HMG CoA Reductase) that forms cholesterol;

What is the primary purpose of statins?

Cholesterol-lowering medication. Increases HDL (good cholesterol) while decreasing LDL (bad cholesterol);

What are common muscle-related side effects of statins?

Myalgia (muscle pain), cramps, stiffness, spasm, weakness affecting exercise tolerance;

What is a serious side effect of statins related to muscle breakdown?

Rhabdomyolysis - severe muscle breakdown;

What potential side effect of statins is related to the liver?

Hepatotoxicity (toxic to liver);

mL

milliliter (same as cc)

mg

Milligram;

g, gm

Gram;

gtt, gtts

drop, drops. Regularly seen as "gtt-drip" in the hospital; used as ear or eye drops in the community setting;

mcg

Microgram;

mEq

Milliequivalent. Used to measure electrolytes like K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-;

IU

International Units- a measurement for some vitamins, most commonly vitamin D

It gets confused with IU (intrauterine) and ID (intradermal).;

oz

Ounce (30mL);

tbsp

tablespoon (15ml);

tsp

teaspoon (5ml);