NCM 112 - Hematology (ANEMIAS)

ID - lack of iron (blood loss or diet)

AA - bone marrow failure (affects blood cell production)

PA - lack of Vitamin B12 (poor absorption - autoimmune)

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on CAUSE

ID - fatigue, weakness, pale skin, SOB

AA - Fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising

PA - Fatigue, pale/yellow skin, nerve damage (tingling or numbness)

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on SYMPTOMS

ID - microcytic (small), hypochromic (pale) RBC

AA - pancytopenia (reduction in ALL blood cells)

PA - macrocytic (large), hypersegmented RBC

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on APPEARANCE

ALL DECREASED

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on HgB levels

ALL DECREASED

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on RBC levels

ID - normal

AA - decreased

PA - normal

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on WBC & Platelet counts

ID - low serum ferritin and iron, HIGH TIBC

AA - low reitculocyte count, hypocellular bone marrow

PA - low serum B12, high homocysteine, positive Schilling test

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on KEY LAB FINDINGS

ID - poor diet, pregnancy, blood loss

AA - radiation, chemo, autoimmune disorders

PA - autoimmune disorders, gastric surgery, older age

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on Risk Factors

ID - iron supplementation, dietary changes

AA - bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressive treatment

PA - vitamin B12 injections, dietary supplementation

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on TREATMENT

ID - good with treatment, need to address underlying cause

AA - depends on severity, life threatening without treatment

PA - good with proper management of B12 deficiency

Differentiate ID, AA and PA on PROGNOSIS