APUSH Period 5

ORIGINALLY MADE BY ALEXA B, NOT ME thanks alexa!!!!!

harriet beecher stowe

wrote uncle tom's cabin, the little lady who started a big war

manifest destiny (1845)

God given right for colonists to move west.

CAUSE OF MD:

1) intense nationalism after war of 1812 + monroe doctrine

2) feelings of white cultural superiority

3) population increase

4) economic growth following market revolution (1820s +30s) (meant increased demand for cotton and farmland)

5) new technologies made travel easier (steel plow, RR's, telegraphs)

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo (1848)

Treaty that ended the Mexican War (started in 1846), granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and CA in exchange for $15 million

border between us and mexico was now rio grande

compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state

(2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico

(3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries

(4) federal assumption of Texas debt(5) slave trade abolished in DC

(6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

kansas nebraska act (1854)

this is when shit got real

a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery, 1854, LEAD TO BLEEDING KANSAS

ex: pottawomie creek massacre

dred scott decision (1857)

*Declared that the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional* because the fifth amendment to the constitution stated that no one could be deprived of their property without due to process of law.

MEANT NOW SLAVERY COULD SPREAD PAST 36 30 LINE

douglas pissed off southerners during lincoln v douglas debates bc they thought he didnt support this descison enough by simulanteously supporting popular sovereignty

gettysburg address (1863)

repurposed civil war to be about being against union and slavery

appromattox courthouse

the place where Lee surrendered to Grant

reconstruction amendments

13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

literally slavery but technically not

compromise in 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

James K. Polk (1845-1849)

Democrat; Significantly expanded the country with the annexation of Texas; Oregon compromise with Great Britain and Mexican; Cession after the Mexican- American War; Supported Jacksonian democracy and slavery; Served one term

expansionist platform, war with mexico

"54-40 or fight!"

Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

in 1862 suspended habeus corpus to maintain control of border states who where confederate/slave states in control of union

1863 empanc. procl. which freed slaves in rebellious states

jefferson davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Hiram Revels

The first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress.

why did people wanna move to texas?

mexico gave large land grants to anyone who'd convert to catholicism and follow mexican laws

southerns wanted to bc soil and climate were great for growing cotton! some ignored mexican laws and brought their enslaved laborers with them (even tho mexico outlawed slavery in 1829)

texas was annexed when

1845

was its own thing for a while but politicians were hesitant to actually add it bc it made slavery legal, increase sectional tensions, and could also cause war with mexico

wilmot proviso

Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico (1846; southerners HATED this for obv reasons)

it was passed in northern-dominant HOR but killed in senate

gadsen purchase

1853 - After the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, it *completed southern border of the us*

California Gold Rush

Mass migration to California following the discovery of gold in 1848, applied to state hood after only ONE YEAR

transcontinental railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US, completed in 1869 (yes ik haha funny number)

government encouraged western settlement by passing....

homestead act! (guaranteed 160 acres of land to anyone whod farm and live on it for 5 years) also in 1862

morill land grant act

In 1862, this act gave public land to state governments to sell. The money was to be used to finance public education. This led to the formation of many state schools and colleges 4: 1825-1865

just think for this one, school school school

IMMIGRATION BABYYY

IRISH- (my people lmao)came bc of potato famine, worked in factories and stayed in their little areas like new work

GERMANS- came bc of political revolution, spread to old northwest/westward

Effects of Immigration

know nothing party (founded on literal nativism)

rapid urbanization

fugitive slave laws

a law enacted as part of the Compromise of 1850, designed to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage

harriet tubman said yeah no and ran underground rr

antebellum period (1820-61)

The time period before the Civil War during which there were many reforms, including the establishment of free (tax-supported) public schools, improving the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling/abolishing the sale of alcohol, winning equal legal/political rights for women, and abolishing slavery.

john brown + harpers ferry

an abolitionist who attacked harpers ferry (1859)

john brown + harpers ferry effects

jb was killed = martyr

increased sectional tensions (EVERYTHING INCREASED SECTIONAL TENSIONS BRO)

south feared norths would take radical measures to end slavery

increased tensions for election of 1860, now made about slavery bc of this event

popular sovereighty

introduced by lewis cass, supported by stephen douglas

Free Soilers (1848-1854)

Northern antislavery politicians, like Abraham Lincoln, who rejected radical abolitionism but sought to prohibit the expansion of slavery in the western territories because competition in job market

compromise fo 1850 (henry clay) (note: successful attempt to appease both n and s)

-California to be a free state (appeased N's)

-more effective fugitive slave law

-popular sovereignty for utan and new mexico (appeased both sides)

-government to pay Texas $10 million for its claim to eastern NM

-slave trade banned in D.C., but slavery permitted

panic of 1857

Economic downturn caused by overspeculation of western lands, railroads, gold in California, grain. Mostly affected northerners, who called for higher tariffs and free homesteads

EFFECT: meant southerners viewed their king cotton economy as superior as it wasnt effected by this panic

tensions leading up to civil war

vast economic differences between n and s (s=cash crop econ; n=industrail). this meant a lot of debates over tariffs, which southerners LOATHED

states rights v federal rights

bleeding kansas

Morill Tariff Act (1861)

was easy to pass bc some southern states had already succeeded

Republican Party Platform

A group of former Whigs convened and decided to form a new political party. The Republican Party was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Eventually, Whigs and members of fringe parties, like the Free Soilers and Know-Nothings, would become Republicans. Republicans differed among themselves in regards to the major issues of the day; for instance, some opposed slavery's extension but not its existence. Meanwhile, others supported complete abolition of slavery.

supported:

repeal of fugitive slave act

abe lincoln

opposed:

kans-neb act

popular sovereignty

dred scott decision

repub party was made up of

free soilers

antislavery whigs/dems

moral abolitionists

all opposed expansion of slavery

1856 preston brooks and charles sumner

he attacked him ON THE SENATE FLOOR AND WAS BEATEN INTO A COMA

why did our friend lincoln win

all the northern states that voted for him had more people

democrats were split over the issue of slavery so they had 2 candidates, Breckinridge and douglas

an john bell who won three slaves states, nominated by constitutional union party (know nothings, whigs and moderate dems)

strengths of confeds for civil war

strong military leaders like robert e lee

moral commitment

playing defense

lol thats it, unless u count being *experienced* shooters (which i do not

Fort Sumta, 1861

First battle of the Civil War, was ultimately captured by the South

Antietam 1862

gave lincoln victory he needed to ESTABLISH EMAC. PROC.

battle of gettsyburg (1863)

south neverrr attempted to invade the north again

Sherman's March to the Sea (1864)

(my personal favorite) north destroyed souths will to fight

Appromattox Courthouse (could u possibly guess what year it was??)

the place where Lee surrendered to Grant, ENDED WAR

Empancipation Proclamation

this declared freedom of slaves in the southern states issued under abe lincoln, important because it meant european states couldnt support confederacy as war was now about slavery

Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction

also called 10% plan

veryyy lenient

allowed confed states to join union of 10% of male population acceptanced emac proc + pledge of loyalty