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Louis XIV
King of France and the most successful of the absolute monarchs
Hippocrates
Father of Medicine
Euclid
Father of Geometry
Roger Bacon
Optics and astronomy
Oliver Cromwell
established the Protectorate and led Parliament (English government)’s forces during the English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
William and his wife Mary became king and queen WITHOUT war, although James was already king.
Eratosthenes
found out the circumference of the earth and the first person to determine the lines of latitude and longitude
Copernicus
discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun
Edward Jenner
created the Smallpox vaccination
Antoine Lavoisier
Father of Modern Chemistry
Rationalism
“REASON is the source of knowledge.”
Secularism
demands that religion be excluded
Empiricism
“EXPERIENCE is the source of knowledge.”
Robert Boyle
Christian chemist and wrote The Skeptical Chemist
Paracelsus
said that the body is made of chemicals
Andreas Vesalius
started human anatomy by dissecting human bodies
Edmond Halley
predicted orbits of comets and a famous comet is named after him
Sir William Herschel
built a large, 40 foot long telescope, and discovered Uranus
Catherine the Great
Ruler of Russia who developed a strong monarchy
John Locke
insisted that OBSERVATION, not human reason, is the source of truth
William Harvey
studied the human circulatory system
Spinoza
doubted anything in Scripture that we thought was contrary to reason.
Charles I
Just like his father, he asserted the divine right of kings and struggled to defeat Parliament’s effort to deny him absolute power.
James II
King of England, who strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church. The people put up with him because he was old. But, when he had a son, the people were afraid the son would continue to let the Roman Church rule, so the people invited William and Mary to take the throne and dismissed him.
English Civil War
Charles I entered the House of Common with several hundred soldiers and tried to arrest anyone who was against him. The people had already escaped, but this moved cause both King Charles I and Parliament (English government), to hire soldiers and prepare for battle.
cabinet
a system of government that gradually answered less to the king and more to Parliament (English government)
What nation built an economic empire without a centralized monarchy?
Republic of the United Provinces (the Dutch)
What event resulted in the Revolution of 1688 in England?
the birth of a son to James II
How did the cabinet system of government benefit the English people?
This system increased the power of Parliament and made the government more accountable to the people.
How did the English Bill of Rights influence the American colonies?
The English document stopped the suspension of laws by the king, stopped a standing army and the illegal quartering of soldiers, and protected the right to bear arms. All of these were echoed in foundational American documents.
Age of Reason
a period during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe when men leaned about many things by studying the world around them.
Albert the Great
a Dominican friar, played an important role in introducing documents to medieval universities
Galileo Galilei
used the newly invited telescope for his observations and confirmed that the earth orbits around the sun.
Sir Isaac Newton
discovered the laws of gravity and motion
vaccine
a weakened form of a disease to help your body build a defense against the disease
Laws of gravity and motion
(1) Every object moves in a straight line unless acted upon by a force.
(2) The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force exerted and inversely proportional to the object's mass.
(3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What early example of pressing creation toward the ideal is found in Genesis 4 (the Creation Mandate)?
Tubalcain’s with with brass and iron
What did Hippocrates reject?
the notion that disease was a punishment by the gods
Why did the theory of a sun-centered solar system create such alarm?
It appeared to contradict the Bible and threatened man’s position as the center of the universe
Enlightenment
shows how the philosophers and scientists of this period viewed the pervious eras.
What did Descartes conclude about the philosophy he had studied as a student?
He found it as weak as a structure built on sand.
According to Descartes, what leads to certainty?
mathmatics
What did John Locke reject in favor of epiricism?
rationalism
What did Sponoza argue for?
the toleration of all ideas
Why were Christians suspicious of secular pleas for government that was not influenced by religion?
They secularists rejected Scripture as a biblical basis for morality, and Christians feared that a secular government would be unjust and evil.
What was the long-term effect on a nation ruled by an absolute monarch?
loss of individual freedom
limited economic opportunities
national decline
How did Parliament respond to threats of arrest by Charles I?
they raised an army to defend against his forces
How did Edward Jenner’s observations and experiments result in the saving of many lives?
He developed a vaccine for smallpox and virtually eliminated this deadly disease
How did men use science to challenge the authority of Scripture?
They rejected the Bible as the source of truth and concluded that human reason alone could reveal truth.
How did Descartes’s approach to truth differ from that of the previous thousand years?
He didn’t trust any path to truth except human reason. He believed mathematics also lead to certainty.
According to John Locke, how is truth discovered?
through careful observationof the world
Why should the ideas of a nation not be regulated, according to Enlightenment reasoning?
because all people have the same reasoning capacity
Why did Enlightenment thought threaten the dominant place of Christianity in Europe?
People who liked the Enlightenment reasoning, questioned the reality of miracles and claimed to explain events of miracles and claimed to explain events that had long been considered supernatural in natural terms. They also considered the Bible’s claims about God to be unreasonable. The people who promoted the Enlightenment did not support God’s Word.
English Bill of Rights
limited the king’s power
How did American colonies follow the example of the Glorious Revolution?
They resisted the English king’s abuse of power
Louis XIV was very successful and had unlimited power, but what about his people?
The cost of his kingdom was great and the people suffered because of it.
The Reformation
continued an interest in learning about the world
monarchy
a form of government where the leader is a leader until they die
Charles II
Became the next ruler after Cromwell’s death
What King did other monarchs in Europe model after because he had absolute power and they wanted that too?
Louis XIV
Hippocratic Oath
the name of the oath in which many modern doctors pledge to help people and ”never do harm.”
Mother Theresa
Ruler of Austria
Which country developed a large economic empire without a monarchy?
The Dutch Republic / The Netherlands
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