History jim crow test

Jim Crow Laws

Segregation laws enforcing racial separation

Post-Reconstruction Discrimination

The gradual loss of African American freedoms in the late 1800s

Booker T. Washington’s View

Believed African Americans would gain equality through hard work

Poll Tax

Fee required to vote, often used to disenfranchise African Americans

Literacy Tests

Reading tests used to prevent African Americans and poor whites from voting

Grandfather Clauses

Allowed men to bypass voting restrictions if their ancestors had voted before African Americans gained rights

Segregation

The separation of people by race

De Facto Segregation

Racial separation by tradition, not by law

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Supreme Court ruling that upheld "separate but equal" segregation

Lynching

Murder by a mob without a lawful trial

Niagara Movement

Civil rights movement led by W.E.B. Du Bois

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded to oppose segregation and discrimination

The Woman Question

Debate over women’s rights in the early 1900s

Women’s Rights Goals

Right to vote, own property, control income, access higher education and jobs

Department Stores

Large retail stores that grew with urbanization and transportation advances

Domestic Work

Main source of income for many women in the early 1900s

Women’s Wage Gap

Women earned 30-60% less than men in the workforce

Key organization for women's voting rights

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)