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Arrhenius acid
produces H+ ions; works with water and can be used with electricity because of + ions
What does “ksp” stand for?
solubility product constant
ksp is used for
slightly soluble salts at equilibrium
x stands for
solubility and any ion with a 1 coefficient
math definition of ksp
the concentration of ions raised to and multiplied by ion coefficients
arrhenius base
produces OH- ions
bronstead-lowery base
proton acceptor
bronstead-lowery acid
proton donor; weak acid-base equilibrium
conjegate base
base that loses H+ ions
conjegate acid
base that gains H+ ions
lewis acid
an electron acceptor; new covalent bonds
Lewis base
on electron donor
titration
neutralization proceedure to determine the unknown concentration
acidic solution
a solid where H+ ions are produced in water (can be ionic or covalent)
list 5 characteristics of an acid
produces H+ ions in water
tastes sour
corrode acids (corrosive)
acids neutralize bases
pH is less than 7
list 3 common acids
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid
basic solution
produce hydroxide ions in water
list 6 characteristics of a base
produces OH- ions in water
tastes bitter or chalky
feels soppy or slippery
neutralize acids
turns red litmus paper blue
pH is greater than 7
list 3 common bases
NaOH -- sodium hydroxide
KOH -- potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 -- barium hydroxide
amphoteric (Arrhenius)
can act as an acid or a base (ex. water + water)
strong acid
ionizes completely in water
weak acid
does not ionize completely in water
strong base
ionizes completely in water
weak base
equilibrium
Brønsted-Lowery Acids
proton donor
Brønsted-Lowery Base
proton acceptor
equilibrium
steady rate (forming product + reforming reactants)
negative logarithm
scale between 0-1
indicator
when the end point changes (when color changes from an acid to a base)
examples of indicators
universal indicator
devices that measure pH
titration, pH stick, pH meter
buffer
a substance that maintains a constant pH
Note 
Flashcard (44)