Ap Human Geography: Patterns of Population

Chapter 3 vocab

Dispersed

population that is spread out over a wide area

Population distrubution

the places in which more/less people live in a geographic area

Physical/environmental Factors of Population Distribution

Climate

Temperate climates

Landforms

Economic Factors of Population Distribution

Available jobs

Political Factors of Population Distribution

Voluntary migration because of governmental policies, war, dictators & more

Cultural Factors of Population Distribution

Religion

Safety

Political Norms

Transportation

Housing

Feeling of belonging

Historical Factors of Population Distribution

When historical events that ONCE impacted population CONTINUE to impact it today

Human Migration

What occurs when humans migrate from one place to another

Population Density

The # of people that live it a geographic area

Arithmetic Density

A type of density that is measured by dividing the total population by the total land area to find the total # of people per unit of land

Physiological Density

The total # of people per unit of arable land

Agricultural density

The total # of farmers per unit of arable land

Subsistence Agriculture

The practice in which the majority of farming only provides resources for the farmers’ family & inner circle

What are the impacts of population density on society?

High demand for recourses

Impact on social services

Impact on disparities in economic growth

What are the impacts of population density on the environment?

More pressure on natural recourses

Pollution increase

More energy usage

Carrying Capacity

The maximum amount of people an environment can sustain

Dependency ratio

The # of people in a dependent age group divided by the # of people in a working age group & multiplied by 100

Used to measure the demand placed on the working class

Sex ratio

The proportion of males to females in a given population

What impacts sex ratio?

Death from childbirth in peripheral countries

Emigration

War

Cultural preferences/policies

Sex selection

The practice of using medical techniques to choose the sex of offspring

Demographics

Data about the structures + characteristics of human populations

Fertility

The ability to produce children

Directly correlates w/ birth rates

What impacts fertilty?

Shifts from agriculture to manufacturing that presented women with more labor opportunities

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The # of births in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average # of children that 1 woman will have during childbearing years

What are the childbearing years?

15-49

Mortality

Deaths as a component of population change

What impacts mortality?

Availability + Affordability of healthcare, clean water, food, etc.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

# of deaths in a given population per year per 1000 people

Infant mortality

# of infant deaths per 1000 live births

Replacement Level

# of children per woman necessary to keep a country’s population growth constant

Population Pyramids

Graphs that show age-sex distribution of a given population