AP Human Geo Unit 4

All vocab

Multinational State

A state with more than one nation

Multistate Nation

A nation made up of many states

Nation

A group of people who have certain things in commonNa

State

Formal terms for country

Nation-State

A nation of people who fulfill qualification of a state

Semiautomonous Region

A region that has some but not complete independent control

Sovereignty

To be a state

Stateless Nation

A cultural group without independent political identity.

Berlin Conference

European states met up to divide Adrica.

Centrifugal Force

Forces that seperate a region

Centripetal Force

Forces that unify a region

Cold War

War but there is not actual war

Colonialism

Colonizing other places

Decolonization

Undoing of colonization

Devolution

Regions being given increase autonomy

Genocide

Mass murder of an ethnicity

Imperialism

Influencing another group in conquest

Nationalism

A nation’s desire to create and maintain a state of its own

Self-determination

Right to choose own sovereign government without external influence

Satellite States

A state dominated politically or economically by another state

Geopolitics

Study of effects of geography on politics and relations among states

Territoriality

Willingness of a group to defend a space they claim

Neocolonialism

Control over developing countries

Choke Point

Place of physical congestion between wider regions of movement and interaction

Antecedent Boundary

A boundary that precedes cultural lanscape development

Consequent Boundary

A border draw while accounting for culture and existing landscape

Cultural Consequent Boundary

A consequent boundary that considered languages

Physical Consequent Boundary

A consequent boundary that considered physical boundaries

Cultural Boundaries

Boundaries that divide different cultures

Geometric Boundary

A straight line or arc boundary

Physical Geographic Boundaries

A boundary built around natural barriers

Relic Boundary

A boundary abandoned for political purposes

Subsequent Boundary

A boundary built as cultural landscape evolves

Superimposed Boundary

A boundary drawn by outside powers

Ethnographic

Related to cultural phenomena

Landlocked states

A state without access to the ocean

Militarized Boundary

A boundary guarded my military forces

Open Boundary

A boundary that is ungaurded and can be passed freely

Administered Boundary

A boundary that’s administered

Allocational Boundary Dispute

Dispute over resources

Contigous Zone

Coastal states have soveirngty for 24 nautical miles

Controlled Boundary

Boundaries with checkpoints

Defined Boundary

Boundary established by a legal document

Delimited Boundary

A line drawn on a map to show limits

Demarcated Boundary

Boundary with physical objects placed on the landscape

Definitional Boundary Dispute

Dispute over interpretation of a legal document determining the boundary.

Exclaves

A territory that is not connected to the state

Enxclusive Economic Zone

Coastal states can interact with resources up to 200 nautical miles

High Seas

Water beyond any state’s EEZ

Locational Boundary Dispute

Disputes over location of a boundary

Operational Boundary Dispute

Disputes of border function

Political enclaves

States completely inside another state

Shatterbelt

A place located between two very different and contengious rejoins

Territorial sea

Area of 12 nautical miles of a states where comercial ships can pass.

Census

Count of population

Cracking

Dispersing a group into deverl districts to avoid a majority

Electoral Geography

Spacial techniques to analyze elections and voting patterns

Electorate

People who can vote

Gerrymandering

Drawing policital district boundaries for political parties to increas its power

Hijacking

Redrawing districts to force two of the same party against each other

Internal boundaries

Divides a state into smaller chunks

Kidnapping

Moving an area where an elected representative has support to where he doesn’t have support

Packing

Combining like-minded voters in one area

Reapportionment

Number or representatives based on population

Stacking

Diluting minority

Voting districts

Internal boundaries dividing electorate

Annexation

Process of legally adding territory to a city

Federal State

Unites separate political entities into a overarching that allows each entity to maintain some degree of sovereignty

Unitary State

Most or all of the governing power is held by the national government

Ethnic Separatism

Advocacy of full political segregation from the larger group along cultural

Ethnic Cleansing

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent or terror inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas

Irredentism

Movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural elements but are divided by a national boundary

Terrorism

Organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets to create fear for the advancement of political goals

African Union

African countries advocate for peace and development

Arctic Council

To foster cooperation regarding the north pole

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Some Southeast Asian countries advocate for peace and development

Autonomous Regions

Own local and legislative bodies to govern a region with a population that is an ethnic minority within the entire country

Balkanization

Fragmentation of a state or region into smaller often hostile units along entho-lingustic lines

Democratization

The transition from autocratic to more representative forms of politics

European Union

Political and economic union of 27 democratic European countries that have single market free trade zone and movement to a set of standardized system of laws

Globalization

Integration of markets

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

The United States, Canada and some European countries agree to provide mutual defense for member states

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Coordinate and unify its members petroleum policies in order to stabilize oil markets

Subnationalism

Having a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity

Supranationalism

Practice of multiple countries forming an organization for the benefit of all members

United Nations (UN)

An organization of 193 countries to promote peace security and human rights

United states-Mexico-Canada agreement (USMCA)

Signed by United States, Mexico, and Canada to compete in a rapidly changing and extremely competitive global market

Transnational corporations

Companies that conduct business on a global scale

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An organization to have countries agree to set a fair and non-discriminatory rules for international trade

Ethnonationalism

Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state especially its national independence or self-determination

Regionalism

Loyalty to a distinct portion of a country is more important than loyalty to the entire country