Interior Construction and Utilities

ID-INCEX

Absorptioin

loss of light - the ratio of light absorbed by a material to the light falling upon.

Diffuse Reflection

reflected diffusely, a ray is scattered in all direction

Specular Reflection

when a light ray striking a shiny or glossy surface

Reflectance

also called reflection factor - the ratio of light reflected by a surface

Transmision

passage of light through a medium when light falls upon a transparent material.

Diffused Transmision

light passes through a translucent material (such as plastic) and the emerging rays are spread in all directions

Transmittance

ratio of light transmitted to light striking the surface.

Accent Lighting

Directional lighting to emphasize

Downlight

producing concentrated direct lighting from a single bulb.

High Hat

a can-type of recessed incandescent downlight

Eye-ball

a rotating spherical element that may be turned to project light to any direction. (recessed/semi-recessed)

Lumiline

tubular fluorescent lamp with a disc base at each end.

Luminance Ceiling

false ceiling of diffusing material with light sources mounted above

Filter

A device which changes either amount or color, or both, of light passing through it.

Dimmer

Control the amount of light by reducing the voltage or the current; also called a "rayostat".

Capacitor

electric component which consists of conducting plates insulated from each other by a layer of dielectric material;

Capacitance

quantitative measure of electric-energy storage capability of a capacitor; usually measured in farads or microfarads.

Cistern

reservoir or tank for storing or holding water

Ball Cock

device for regulating the supply of water in a flush tank by means of a hollow floating ball, which by its rise or fall shuts or opens a supply valve; also called "float valve"

Reverse Trap

toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet, but having a smaller water surface and trapway

Air Gap

clear vertical distance between the spout of a faucet or other outlet of a supply pipe and the flood level of a receptacle

Trap

U- or S-shaped section of drainpipe in which liquid remains and forms a seal for preventing the passage of sewer gas without affecting the normal flow of waste water or sewage through it

Drum Trap

cylindrical trap closed on the bottom and having a cover plate for access, usually installed on the drain line from a bathtub

Alkyd Paint

a paint in which the vehicle is an alkyd resin.

Oil Paint

a paint in which the vehicle is a drying oil

Chinese Lacquer

a natural varnish obtained from an Asian sumac, also called Japanese lacquer.

Lac

resinous secretion of the female of the lac insect, used in making shellac

Primer

a basecoat applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of subsequent coats of paint or varnish. also called prime coat.

Base Coat

first coat of paint

Ground Coat

primer or base coat of paint intended to show through a topcoat.

Undercoat

primer or intermediate coat applied to hide the color of the substrate and improve adhesion of the topcoat

Top Coat

final coat of paint applied to a surface.

Miscoat

applied to a finish coat to improve its luster

Paint System

combination of one or more coatings selected for compatibility with each other and the surface to which they are applied

Coverage

measure of the area over which a gallon of paint may be spread; expressed in square feet per gallon

Flat

without gloss or sheen

Eggshell

having little or no gloss, producing a finish midway between semigloss and flat

Semi-gloss

having a moderate satiny luster, producing a finish midway between high gloss and eggshell. also called satin finish.

High Gloss

having a brilliant sheen or luster

Lacquer

any of various clear or colored synthetic coatings; form a high-gloss film.

Shellac

made by dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol.

Polyurethane Varnish

exceptionally hard, abrasion-resistant, and chemical resistant varnish

Spar Varnish

durable weather resistant varnish made from durable resins and linseed or tung oil. aka: marine varnish

Copal

used chiefly in making varnishes

Varnish

liquid preparation consisting of a resin dissolved in an oil (oil varnish) or in alcohol

Oil Stain

stain made by dissolving dye or suspending pigment in a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle

Pigmented Stain

capable of obscuring or concealing the grain and texture of a wood surface.

Spirit Stain

penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in an alcohol or spirit vehicle

Water Stain

a penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in a water vehicle

Penetrating Stain

a stain that penetrates a wood surface, leaving a very thin film on the surface

Stain

vehicle applied to penetrate and color a wood surface without obscuring or concealing the grains

Dye

soluble coloring material that imparts color by absorption

Sealer

basecoat applied to reduce the absorption of subsequent coats

Heat Resistant Paint

formulated with silicone resins to withstand high temperatures

Fire - retardant Paint

paint specially formulated with silicone

Anti-corrosive Paint

prevent or reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces.

Glaze Coat

enhance the color of a painted surface

Hiding Powder

ability of a paint film to conceal any marks, pattern, or color, on the surface to which it is applied.

Actinic Ray

ray of light such as UV that produces photochemical effects as the yellowing,

Color Fast

color that will not fade

Enamel

glassy substance, usually opaque, applied by fusion to the surface of metal, pottery, etc., as protective coating

Gloss

degree of surface luster of a dried paint film, ranging in decreasing order of gloss from high gloss, semigloss, eggshell, to flat

Turpentine

colorless, volatile oil obtained by distilling oleoresin from various conifers and used as a thinner and solvent for paints and varnishes.

Mineral Spirits

petroleum used as a solvent and thinner for paints and varnishes

Thinner

used to dilute paint or varnish to the desired or proper consistency

Latex Paint

paint having a latex binder that coalesces as water evaporates from the emulsion

Latex

water emulsion of synthetic rubber or plastic globules obtained by polymerization

Epoxy Paint

epoxy resin as a binder for increased resistance to abrasion, corrosion, and chemicals

Binder

part of paint vehicle that bonds particles of pigment into a cohesive film during the drying process.

Alkyd Resin

derived from a polyvalent alcohol in reaction with an organic acid, used chiefly in adhesives and paints

Drying OIl

hardens to form a tough elastic film when exposed in a thin layer of air

Vehicle

liquid in which pigment is dispersed before being applied to a surface

Pigments

a finely ground insoluble substance suspended in a liquid vehicle

Pigments, Vehicles, Thinners, Driers

4 ingredients of paint

Paint

mixture of a solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle applied as a thin usu. opaque coating to a surface for protection and decoration

Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning.

HVAC

Air-Conditioning

simultaneous control of the temperature, humidity, motion, and purity of the air in a confined space.

Refrigerant

substance that absorbs and releases heat in a cooling system.

Cooling Tower

usually on the roof of a building, in which heat is extracted from water that has been used for cooling.

Damper

movable plate for regulating the draft in the air outlet, air duct, or the throat of a fireplace.

Exhaust Air

air exhausted from an interior space to the outside

Air-handling Unit

air-conditioning assembly containing the fans, filters, and other components necessary to treat and distribute conditioned air to an entire building

Filter

porous substance, as cloth or a layer of charcoal, through which a gas or liquid is passed to remove suspended impurities

Humidifier

device for maintaining or increasing the amount of water vapor in the air

Pump

machine that raises, transfers, or compresses fluids or gases by suction or pressure produced by a piston, plunger, or set of rotating vanes.

Window Type AC System

most common types of air conditioner units. Installed in a window or by making a hole in the wall.

Split Type AC System

has two components, an indoor and outdoor unit.

30 degress

Typical angle of inclination for escalators

90-120 fpm

Typical escalator speed

Moving Sidewalk

moving surface similar to conveyor belt, used for carrying pedestrians horizontally or along low inclines.

Freight Elevator

elevator for carrying heavy cargo, on which the operator and the persons necessary for unloading and loading

Dumbwaiter

small elevator for conveying food, dishes, or other materials between the floors of a building.

Hoistway

vertical enclosed space for the travel of one or more elevators; also called elevator shaft.

Bulk Head

Boxlike structure on a roof providing access to a stairwell or an elevator shaft.

Control Panel

Contains switches, buttons, and other equipments for regulating electrical devices.

Buffer

piston or spring device for absorbing the impact of a descending elevator car or counterweight at the extreme lower limit of travel.

Tee Nut

A nut designed to be driven into wood to create a threaded hole.

Wing Nut

thumb nut

Cap Nut

acorn nut

Rivets

Metal pins that are used for permanently joining two or more structural members by hammering down the plain end to form a second head.