Psychology and Mental Health Notes

continuum model of behaviour

behaviour is a continuous variable.

• There are no fixed boundaries for anxious behaviour, but it flows into each other.

• Personal distress and disruption of daily life due to behaviour are elements that characterise a mental disorder.

the four Ds

• deviance from the norm (but not sufficient to diagnose)

• distress/suffering (causes emotional/physical pain)

• dysfunction

• dangerous

other diagnosis criteria

• Irrational or unpredictable behaviour

• misperception of reality

• causes social discomfort.

level 1 autism

• the individual needs support.

• In this case the repetitive behavior and difficulty in communication is only noticeable without support

level 2 autism

• the individual needs substantial support, in which the repetitive behavior and difficulty in communication is still obvious to a casual observer.

level 3 autism

• the individual needs very substantial support, in which case the communication skills and repetitive behavior severely impair their daily lives.

what type of disorder is autism

• pervasive: difficulties throughout life and in multiple areas

• heterogenous disorder: disorder does not distinguish between types and symptoms vary

broad autism phenotype

• do not meet criteria, but have some autistic traits

can meds make autism symptoms disappear

no

diagnosis for autism USA

• the child is first monitored by doctors, nurses and the parents

• Then they are screened by doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals.

• This screening is recommended when the child is 9, 18, 24 and 30 months old.

• Finally, the child is diagnosed by a trained specialis

diagnosis for autism turkey

• To get an autism diagnosis in Turkey, the child is monitored by doctors and nurses

• Then they are screened using MCHAT, a questionnaire that is completed by the parents.

• Finally, the child must be diagnosed by at least three doctors and a child psychiatrist who decide on the autism diagnosis.

• This diagnosis also has to be renewed every two to five years.

diagnosis for autism netherlands

• the diagnosis process takes about 3 years and 8 years for adults.

• First, the person needs to be referred by a GP to a specialist

• Then, they take an additional test, such as observed play.

• Finally, the diagnosis is received after a multidisciplinary team of professionals decides that autism is the correct diagnosis.

What is geriatric psychology?

• the mental health care for elderly, 65+

why is geriatric psychology important

• the percentage of people in the population above 65 years old is growing compared to the group that is under 65 years old

psychological problems

• neurocognitive disorders (schizophrenia)

• psychological disorders (depression)

• fear of falling

multidisciplinary approach

• incorporates environmental, medical, and psychological factors.

mediation

• a form where psychologists work with the care-system of the client, to educate them how to engage with the elderly

psychological treatments for dementia

• CBT, ACT, reminiscence therapy, or validation therapy.

three key concepts of non-violent communication

• Self-empathy

• Honest expressions

• Empathetic listening

goal of observations

• to look at the given situation without adding judgement or opinions

goal of feelings

• encourage the other person to share their feelings and what they think others who were involved in the situation were feeling

non-violent classifications of feelings

• Feelings when needs are fulfilled

• Feelings when needs are not fulfilled

4 ways we react when needs are not met

• Blame others;

• Blame ourselves;

• Empathy towards others’ feelings and needs;

• Empathy towards our own feelings and needs.

the connection continuum

• humans are always moving back and forth on connection and disconnection.

• While disconnection or negative feelings can include rage and violence, feelings of connection can include compassion and peace, emphasising on how important connection is for humans.

the 5g scheme

situation, thoughts, feelings, behavior, and consequences