ap gov - federalism

US v. Lopez

national government tried to use commerce clause to regulate school districts; states got power back after

McCulloch v. Maryland

used supremacy clause to determine state couldn’t tax the bank (took power from states)

Gibbons v. Ogden

took power from states by regulating steamboat interstate commerce

Marbury v. Madison

established judicial review

dual federalism

national & state governments have clearly defined areas of power with little overlap

cooperative federalism

national government supports states efforts to address domestic matters

what would brutus 1 think of McCulloch v. Maryland?

brutus 1 would disagree because it took power from states

categorical formula grants

money for specific reason that’s defined by national government; comes with strings attached

block grants

state & local governments have more discretion in how to use the money (devolution)

mandates

statements in laws that require local / state governments to do things specified by national government; typically unfunded

federal system balance

two recognized levels over different matters; allows multiple access points to policy making

17th amendment

state senators are elected by the people of their states (state power)

10th amendment

gives powers to states that aren’t delegated to national government by constitution

conflicted federalism

hard to follow national laws because of state powers; conflicting elements

confederate system

weak organization of states agrees to follow a central government

unitary system

one central government controls weaker states; power isn’t shared

federal system

power is shared by a central government & states are given considerable self-rule

concurrent powers

powers that both national & state governments exercise

reserved powers

powers that belong exclusively to the national government

federalist 45

relays idea that state governments do retain power as the federal government relies on states to function

federalist 10

argues for federal government to minimize the damages of factions and prevent tyranny

federalist 51

argues for separation of powers and checks & balances to prevent tyranny from any one branch