ACA US History Unit 4 Period 4 IDs

John C. Calhoun

- VP of both JQA and Andrew Jackson
- Leader of war hawks alongside Henry Clay
- Mostly Democrat views

Battle of New Orleans

- Fought on January 8th, 1815, two weeks after a treaty had been signed, ending the war
- Proved that the US could defeat Britain a second time and the revolution was not just a fluke

Worcester v. Georgia

- High court ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within Cherokee territory
- State's laws vs. federal courts; Jackson sided with the states
- The court was powerless without the president's support

Protective Tariff

- A tariff increasing the price on foreign goods to protect local (US) manufacturers from foreign competition

American System

- Proposed by Henry Clay, first 2 out of 3 were implemented
1. Protective tariffs
2. National bank
3. Internal improvements

Commonwealth v. Hunt

- Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that "peaceful unions" had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers

Corrupt Bargain

- Henry Clay used his influence in the House of Representatives to get JQA enough votes to win the election
- Andrew Jackson's supporters called this the "corrupt bargain" because they felt he was cheated out of the presidency

Cult of Domesticity

Societal idea that women’s role was to have children, raise them, and create a comfortable home for their husband. This notion of the separation of public and private spheres and gender specific became prevalent, especially in the middle class.

Eli Whitney

- Inventor of the cotton gin in 1793 and interchangeable parts in 1798
- (A tinkerer whose inventions greatly influenced the growing industry of America, especially in agriculture and manufacturing)

Force Bill

- In 1833, Andrew Jackson persuaded Congress to pass the Force Bill, giving the president the power to use military force to collect tariffs from a state

Hartford Convention

- This convention was held at Hartford, Connecticut, in December of 1814
- New England states disapproved of the War of 1812 and threatened to secede from the Union
- (They urged that the Constitution should be amended and that, as a last resort, secession be voted upon)

Henry Clay

- Created the American System
- Leader of the Whigs
- Came up with the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise Tariff of 1833
- Speaker of the House (makes "corrupt bargain" with JQA)

Impressment

- The act of kidnapping American sailors and forcing them into the British navy

Indian Removal Act

- Andrew Jackson's concept of democracy did not include American Indians. Rather, he sympathized with land-hungry citizens
- In 1830, AJ signed the Indian Removal Act into law, forcing Indians from their land

-passed by congress under the jackson administration, this act removed all indians east of the mississippi to an "indian territory"

Industrial Revolution

- The invention and increased use of new technology to increase efficiency in factories and the general workplace

Lowell System

- Textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts recruited young farm women and housed them in company dormitories (essentially controlling every aspect of their lives)

Marbury v. Madison

- Occurred in 1803
- Established the principle of "judicial review," meaning only the Supreme Court could declare a law unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

- Occurred in 1819
- Established that states cannot tax the federal government and the national bank/BUS is constitutional (implied powers)

Missouri Compromise

1. Admit Missouri as a slave-holding state
2. Admit Maine as a free state
3. Prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36°30'

Monroe Doctrine

The western hemisphere belonged to the US and European nations should not interfere. US threatened war to any further European intervention in Latin America

Nullification Crisis

- South Carolina did not agree with the increased tariff of 1828 or 1832 and declared them unconstitutional, appealing to the nullification theory (supported by John C. Calhoun)
- Andrew Jackson persuaded Congress to pass the Force Bill

Panic of 1819

- Second BUS tightened credit in an effort to control inflation
- State banks closed, and unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt increased

Precedents set by Washington

- Established a cabinet of advisors
- Negotiating with other countries/making treaties
- Forced relocation of and broken treaties with the American Indians
- Voluntarily retiring from presidency after the second term
- Farewell address

Samuel Slater

- A mechanic who emigrated from Britain and had memorized the system and technology used in British cotton mills, applying the secrets to help establish the first US textile factory in 1791
- (It was illegal to take factory designs out of the country of Britain)

Specie circular

- A presidential order issued by AJ requiring that all future purchases of federal lands be made in specie (gold and silver) rather than paper banknotes -> banknotes soon lost their value and land sales plummeted

Spoils System

- Andrew Jackson's practice of giving federal jobs to people who helped him get elected

Trail of Tears

- Movement of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma from Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee
- US army forced 15,000 Indians to relocate -> about 4,000 died

Universal manhood suffrage

- New western states allowed all white males to vote and hold office, omitted religious and property qualifications for voting

Washington's Farewell Address

Washington warned...
1. Not to get involved in European affairs
2. To avoid "permanent alliances"
3. Not to form political parties or fall into sectionalism

America: "check, check, and check! ...wait, you wanted us NOT to do that?"

XYZ Affair

- French warships and privateers were seizing US ships
- Seeking a peaceful resolution, John Adams sent a delegate to France who was asked for a bribe for the "privilege" of opening negotiations
- This greatly offended and enraged Americans, as they felt it was an insult to their independence