keefe final

says that life isn't fair and that physical stuff is doomed to die, our souls are damned, and we lose sanctifying grace and are separated from God

primary curse of the fall (Gn 3:19)

unmerited, free gift of grace, we do not deserve it and cannot work for it

congruent grace

guarantees the result will occur, if A is present, then X will occur

sufficient cause

if X or Y is missing, then Z will not occur, multiple factors must occur in order for there to be an outcome

necessary cause

first begins with Peter, begins apostolic age and established apostolic tradition, apostles become ministerial priests

ministerial priesthood (Mt 28:19)

in the catholic salvation process, Pentecost is \___, and baptism is \___

necessary sufficient

a form of grace that allows us to be able to choose salvation, helps us grab saving grace, pure congruent grace

prevenient grace

believe that there is symbolism in the author's intent, there is only faith and morals in the Bible and the Bible isn't a history textbook, these faith and morals are passed on via Apostolic Tradition

contextualists

"Apostle" of objective truth, says that truth exists outside of the person and that it is discovered, not created, and that truth always exists, even if it isn't discovered; his logic says that God must be uncaused cause, God must be greater than the effects, and the evidence for God is digital info

socrates

law that says that A can't be B at the same time in the same place; truth can't be true and false at the same time

law of non-contradiction

Plato's idea, thought process that asks the question "where does material begin?"; says that the world is a temporary world and is untrustworthy, the material world is just an illusion and the only freedom is in the mind

idealism

the belief that all matter is God, God is either tied to material or material is an illusion; includes nativists, gnostics, and Buddhists

pantheism

interprets the Bible as a word-for-word account, believe that the Earth is only 7000 years old, no symbolic meanings in the Bible

literalist

father of Skepticism, holds that there is no adequate proof so there is no adequate truth

Pyrrho

says that one cannot use an unproven or unprovable argument to prove something. At best, A could be a possible theory.

arg. from ignorance

the father of relativism, says that truth is what an individual makes real, truth is created and not discovered

protagoras

the founder of the school of thought of materialism, says that truth is only what can be measured by the five senses

Epicurus

belief system based on the conviction that there is no God, believe that faith is nothing and that we poofed into existence

Atheism

a fallacy against understanding, a rejection of reason, involves a person refusing to understand information even though they are capable, result of ignoring the opportunity to educate oneself

stupidity

argument fallacy used to invalidate arguments by attacking the defendant personally, it ignores the facts of the argument

Ad Hominem

the first major theme in the Bible, begins at the Nativity; Gn 3:15 introduces redemption (protoevangelium)

redemption

the christian solution to evil; when the word becomes flesh and God becomes a human being, Jn 1:1-14

incarnation

included in the ministerial priesthood, part of the deaconate, they remain deacons forever

permanent deacon

included in the ministerial priesthood, this includes religious and diocesan priests

Presbyterate

asks the question of "how can more grace be attatined," also asks how can grace be won back; this is needed when sins have resulted in the loss of grace

sanctification

included in the ministerial priesthood, part of the deaconate, they transition from deacon to priest

transitional deacon

since we can't pay the price because our blood is tainted, Jesus's sacrifice atones for our sins

vicarious atonement

this deals with how we get saving grace, Protestants and Catholic disagree on this, asks "what must I do to be saved?", actions and beliefs are necessary; a synergistic process. It is a lifelong process. It involves prevenient and congruent grace

salvation

all common priests

laity

lasted from 33-100 AD, the apostles are ministerial priests

apostolic age

part of the salvation theme, when fifty days after easter, sanctifying grace is allowed

pentecost

these earn or respond to a free gift of grace, this earns, retains, or increases grace or restores it when it is lost

condign merits

part of the ministerial priesthood; the magisterium is classified as this and it is made up of Bishops and the Pope

Episcopate

a literalist that believes that the Earth is only 7000 years old

creationist

believe that the creator is impersonal, they believe the creator designed the universe but then the creator leaves humans alone

deist

these types of sacraments restore grace or help the ill or dying, includes reconciliation and anointing of the sick

healing

these types of sacraments involve service to family or to humanity, includes marriage or holy order

service

these arguments are deductive and derive from a theory, focuses on who or what banged the bang

cosmological

law that says that only nothing can come from nothing

law of nothing

cosmological argument made by Thomas Aquinas that says that the universe had to have a first mover that was unmoved, therefore something omnipresent and uncaused preceded the bang

Motion Arg.

argument that says that matter is continuously created but the mass of the universe remains steady over time, there would be tons of mini bangs all the time to create more matter, debunked due to conservation

steady state argument

law of motion that says that if something then another thing moved it, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newtons 3rd law

law says that A can't be B at the same time in the same place, truth can't be true and false at the same time

law of non-contradiction

argument that says that if matter is eternal, there is no need for God, matter would constantly be created, debunked by law of entropy

oscillating universe argument

Newton's law that debunks steady state argument, matter cannot be created or destroyed; the universe is expanding and matter is being diluted as it expands

conservation

law stating that matter cannot be eternally pofing into more matter, without effort things break down

law of entropy

a formula that has been proven to be accurate, says that there was a cosmic beginning; says that any universe is expanding and therefore has a beginning

BVG theorem

created cosmological argument, said that whatever begins to exist must have a cause

Kalam Argument

argues against neo-darwainism, says it is not supported by fossil record, no repeatable lab evidence,

arguments that focus on the complexity and design of the universe, how does life begin?; inductive arguments that move from fact to theory

teleological

scientist that invalidated spontaneous generation; invalidated experiment where people were trying to prove chemicals produced life, but he found that there were microbes present in the chemicals and therefore the chemicals didn't produce life

Louis Pasteur

says that chemical events preceded life so he tries to use chemicals in an experiment to generate life, fails

stanley miller

a teleological materialist argument postulated by Dawkins that says that a meteor with life hit our planet or that advanced aliens seeded life onto our planet

panspermia

says that the universe is just there and that we should stop asking stupid questions, argument from ignorance, says that we are here and should just assume the materialist position is true, material in the gaps argument

bertrand russel

principle stating that incredibly precise cosmic constants are necessary for life to exist in the universe, universal laws imply purpose and design; because the universe is finely tuned, it must be a product of intelligent design

anthropic principle

says that the universe cost nothing because the universe is so finely tunes that the forces are balanced and the bang would have been easy to occur.

Michio Kaku

came up with the God Delusion, supports neo darwinism and panspermia, postulates that if the molecules work together then a statue could move,

Dawkins

argues that there is intelligent design but it is not in this world, matter is eternal and there is an uncaused cause, but his cause has to be undirected and accidental, creation was accidental

M theory

argues that since Quantum voids are eternal, there is no need for God, space is not empty, comes up with Sub-Atomic poof theory,

Lawrence Krause

the Big Bang occured \____ years ago, (the universe is this old)

14 billion

how old is life

4 billion years old

arguments which use universals like "always," "never," "everyone," "nobody," are prone to be reduced to absurd conclusions

reductio ad absurdum

the materialists believe that this was the state of existence of the world for ten billion years and that this magically caused life, non-living chemicals turned to a living cell, complex life was created

primordial soup

literalists, specifically creationists, believe that the Earth is this old

7000 years

a fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

red herring

gives us the ability to choose evil, a necessary component of evil

free will

says that if evil exists, then God doesn't; reasons that either God won't stop evil because he created it or that he wants to stop evil but can't

Epicurean paradox

argues that God is the ultimate perfection, and that in order for that to happen, it is necessary for God to exist.

St. Anslem

says that truth is dead, old order must be overthrown, science has outgrown truth and we don't need it anymore, each person is their own God

Nihilism

says that we as humans want pleasure, and it is our driving force; he was a determinist and believed that God was just a delusion to help cope with the pain; he was a fatalist and believed that events are fixed in advance and we are powerless to change it, and reason is our only comfort

Freud

states that preceding forces determine every act and thought, there is no free will so there is no evil

determinism

gives the ability to know, a necessary component of evil

conscience

a theistic argument used to explain the suffering in the world. It is a rational and logical response that allows evil to exist and still allows for God to be omnipotent and loving, says that truly free creatures must remain capable of truly free evil.

Plantinga Argument

says that life is absurd; therefore the only real power you have over your life is when you decide to end your own life.

Camus

made the common sense argument, said that humanity has always looked for God so there must be one, a universal constant suggests a cause and effect, and the restlessness for God suggests is is no accident

St. Augustine

the founder of Planned Parenthood. She wants to use science and Eugenics to weed out the weak in society. advocates for the forced sterilization of tainted populations. She also says that in order to free women, we must use tax payer money for birth control, abortion, and sterilization programs.

Sanger

says that to cope with evil we must find meaning, God may or may not exist and we can't stop evil and sufferings so we must find something greater than ourselves to give us meaning

Frankl

states that events are fixed in advance and we are powerless to change it, and reason is our only comfort

fatalism

the reason Jews want to stone Jesus

blasphemy

a political and roman governor. He was tasked with finding out why tax money wasn't being paid. It was because Christians believed only Jesus was God and so they wouldn't pay the tax that required that they worshipped a false God. Validates the trilemma because Jesus wasn't a myth. Evidence clearly says that Jesus had followers even after his death

Pliny

says that the idea of Jesus is just a copycat of pre-existing gods like Horus and that other parts of the Bible were copied from ancient religions; he has no textual evidence and his theories have largely been disproved

Massey

The oldest New Testament document, it was found in the 1920s in Egypt and dates back to the early Apostolic Age. It is the earliest new testament fragment to be found, and the fragment that was found was of John's gospel. Christianity spread like wildfire, which is evident in the fact that this document was found in Egypt.

Ryland's Fragment

came up with the Trilemma which says that Jesus was either a lunatic, liar, or the Lord

C.S. Lewis

deal with the Old Testament , and were found in 1947. A little shepherd boy found the scrolls and they date prior to about 200 years before Christ. They are the oldest copies of the Old Testament and they contain every book, including the Deuterocanonical books. They affirm the accuracy of the OT translation that we have.

Dead Sea Scrolls

states that Jesus was either a legend or a myth

Quadrillema

a roman historian that gives non-Christian verification of many things in the New Testament. He wrote about Nero and his burning down of Rome. He confirms that Christ died on the cross. He was ordered to be crucified, etc.

tacitus

presents another classical ontological argument on morality. In his book, The Brothers Karamazov, one of his characters argues that there is no foundation for morality without God; he proposes that objective morality can only exist if there is a God.

Dostoevsky

states that, since there is no absolute you should go with a rational option, faith is the only positive rational response because it will produce no negative outcome whether or not God is real

Wager Arg

one of the most famous materialists philosophers in history. He wrote Beyond Good & Evil which is where the famous phrase, "God is dead, and we have killed Him" comes from. This leads to Nihilism.

Nietzsche

Machiavelli's book on how a prince should become a king, introduces situational ethics

The Prince

Charles Darwin's book where he introduces the notion of social darwinism, applies the theory of evolution to stop defectives from breeding, includes determinism and eugenics

Descent of Man

Adolf Hitler's book in which he employs applied social Darwinism; means "my struggle," and the struggle he is referring to is the Darwinian one in which we are all subject to the law of eternal struggle. Because of this, the strong will become masters of the weak.

Mein Kempf

deals with the problem of evil

ontological

the origin of the Christian solution to evil, says that there will be enmity between man and woman but that there will be a savior to atone for original sin

protoevangelium

a quid pro quo in which Jesus gives us his grace and he takes on our sins.

double imputation

the inclination for sin. We are not inclined to the good, so we have to learn to be good and obey. All humanity is wounded by this effect of Original Sin.

concupiscence

Protestants and Catholics agree on this, means faith alone; God's grace is the sufficient and necessary cause of salvation

Sola Gratia

allows for every Christian to be their own Pope and interpret the Bible how they see fit

perspicuity

is taught by Martin Luther and teaches that we are saved by Scripture alone; the organizational part of the Catholic Church has become so corrupt that it no longer functions as the protector and passer-on of Divine Revelation.

Sola Scriptura

the belief that God does all the work in salvation; God alone chooses and we are saved by congruent grace only, double predestination

monergism