#L9 Solids Theory I

Diluent/filler

takes up space, makes system compressible

Glidant

improves flow

Lubricant

prevents sticking

(Super)disintegrant

breaks powder into small particles

Binder

holds ingredients together

Function of Aspartame?

sweetening agent

sugar

sweetening agent, diluent, filler, compressible

Granules are — shaped particle

irregularly

granules are made of — ingredient

multiple

— particles dissolve faster

small

Why do small particles dissolve faster?

more SA, faster dissolution

If particles differ in size or density, they may appear to mix but is actually

segregated/ de-mixed

In the wet granulation step, only the — should dissolve in liquid, not the drug/excipient

binder

granules formed by bridging particles

agglomeration

too big

milled

too small

reprocessed

granules can also be called

sprinkles

Microcrystalline cellulose

diluent, sometimes disintegrant

Povidone

binder, sometimes disintegrant and dissolution enhancer

Crospovidone

disintegrant

Crospovidone rapidly absorbs —, causing tablet to —

water, disintegrate

API is — in water

insoluble

Poloxamer

solubilizer

Solubilizers forms —, creating an environment where poorly soluble drugs can —. This — drug’s inherent solubility

micelles, dissolve, does not change

Colloidal silicon dioxide

glidant

How does glidant work?

they coat mcc surface improving flow. They are not granules

Magnesium stearate

lubricant

filling

glidant improves powder flow into die

compression

lubricant reduces friction and sticking

ejection

lubricant helps tablet release

Dry/liquid filled? Hard gelatin

dry

Dry/liquid filled? hard HPMC

dry

Dry/liquid filled? hard capsules

liquid

Dry/liquid filled? Gelatin

liquid

Dry/liquid filled? HPMC

liquid

Dry/liquid filled? Softgel

liquid

3 types of plasticizers (capsule type)?

glycerin, sorbitol, polyols

Capsule type alternatives?

starch, pullulan, poly

lactose, monohydrate

diluent, filler

diclofenac

API (insoluble in water)

sodium lauryl sulfate

anionic surfactant (wetting agent)

cellulose, microcrystalline

capsule diluent

sodium stearyl fumarate

lubricant

Granules vs Powders​: heterogeneous, made of multiple ingredients​

granules

Granules vs Powders: individual ingredients as particles​​

powder

— can be easily filled in compounding pharmacy

capsules

— can be made with correct equipment

granules, tablets