Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Notes (copy)

Psychosis

Severe distortion of reality that may include hallucinations and delusions.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences without external stimuli, such as hearing voices.

Delusions

Strongly held false beliefs despite evidence against them.

Schizophrenia

A pervasive form of psychosis characterized by disrupted thought, emotion, and behavior.

Positive Symptoms (of Schizophrenia)

Active distortion of reality, including delusions and hallucinations.

Negative Symptoms (of Schizophrenia)

Absence of normal behavior, such as lack of motivation and emotional expression.

Avolition

Lack of motivation to initiate or persist in activities.

Alogia

Reduced speech output.

Anhedonia

Loss of pleasure or interest in activities.

Disorganized Speech

Cognitive slippage and tangentiality in conversation.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic symptoms that last less than a month.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Psychotic symptoms lasting between 1 month and 6 months.

Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic symptoms caused by drug use or medications.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Symptoms of schizophrenia combined with those of a mood disorder.

Dopamine Hypothesis

The theory that overactivity of dopamine in the brain is linked to the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Natural History (of Schizophrenia)

Stages from premorbid to chronic phases with varying symptom presentations.

Dissociative Disorders

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, and perception.

Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

Experiencing oneself or the environment as unreal.

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall personal information following trauma.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Characterized by distinct personality states and significant memory gaps.

False Memories

Memories that are believed to be real but are actually fabricated, often harmful.

Identity Disruption (DID)

Marked discontinuity in self-perception and behavior.

Gaps in Memory (DID)

Memory lapses not consistent with ordinary forgetting.

Significant Distress (DID)

Symptoms interfere with functioning in social and occupational contexts.

Treatment Focus (for DID)

Integration of identities through trauma confrontation, which may involve hypnosis.

Causal Link of DID

Often linked to severe childhood trauma or abuse, as a coping mechanism.

Cultural Exclusions (for DID diagnosis)

Not attributed to recognized cultural practices or substance effects.