Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Study | Psychology
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11 Terms
Name of the Researcher(s)
Loftus and Palmer
Publication
1974
IB Question
Reliability - Reconstructive Memory
Design
Independent Sample Design
Method
True Experiment (Laboratory)
Aim
To investigate if the use of leading questions affect an eyewitnesses’ speed estimation.
Participants and Procedure
45 students were.
The participants were shown a short film of a traffic accident.
They were afterward given a questionnaire to estimate the speed of the car involved in the accident.
They were divided into different conditions depending on the leading question which were written differently:
Smashed
Bumped
Hit
Collided
Contacted
The question was formatted: “How fast were the cars going when they —- each other?”
Results
The results showed that the more intense the word was, the higher mean speed estimate was.
Conclusion
Leading questions can in-fact reconstruct memories.
Strengths
+ High Control Validity
+ Standardized
+ Cause-and-Effect
Limitations
- Low Ecological Validity - Witnessing a film of a car accident may not invoke the emotions one would with a real car accident.
