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Oscillation
A motion that regularly repeats itself back and fourth
Characteristics of an oscillation
Frequency, Amplitude, Displacement, Damping
Frequency
rate of an oscillation
Frequency (unit)
Hertz (Hz)
Amplitude
maximum displacement from equilibrium position
Damping
Oscillation that fades away with time
(Time period / Frequency) equation
T=1/f (time period = 1/frequency)
Time period (symbol)
T
Frequency (symbol)
f
Amplitude (symbol)
A
Natural frequency
The frequency at which an object vibrates naturally when disturbed
Resonance
When an external force forces another system to vibrate with a greater amplitude
Example of resonance
guitar, swing, singer breaking glass
Characteristics of waves
Wavelength, Frequency, Speed, Amplitude, Phase
Wavelength (symbol)
λ (lambda)
Wavelength
distance between crests or troughs
highest point of a wave
crest
lowest point of a wave
trough
Frequency (symbol)
f
Speed (symbol)
v
Speed
the distance a wave travels in a given amount of time
Phase
Points on a wave with the same speed and direction are in phase
The wave equation
v=f λ (speed = frequency x wavelength)
Types of waves
Longitudinal waves, Transverse waves
P waves
Longitudinal waves
S waves
Transverse waves
Longitudinal waves include…
compression and refraction
In longitudinal waves the medium …
moves parallel to the direction of the wave
In transverse waves the medium …
moves perpendicular to direction of the wave
The motion in transverse waves is …
up and down
High density medium … speed of wave
increases
Low density medium … speed of wave
decreases
high temperature … speed of wave
high
low temperature … speed of wave
low
speed of sound in air equation
2d/t (distance travelled/time taken)
Echolocation
determines location of objects using reflected sound waves