unit one—water—Aice Marine Semester one.

Kinetic Particle Theory

Particles are always moving. When they gain heat they expand and move faster. When particles are cold they slow down and get closer/denser.

Water Vapor

Water in a gas state. Forms when water has enough energy to escape.

Proton

A positively charged molecule located in the nucleus.

Neutron

A neutrally charged particle located in the nucleus

Electron

A negatively charged molecule located in the outer shell(s) of a nucleus.

Nucleus

The center of an atom. Protons+Neutrons.

Shells

Electron shells—the layers around a nucleus where electrons orbit.⚛

Atomic number

The amount of protons located in an element. Determines where an element is located.

Bond

A connection between atoms.

Emergent properties

New properties that appear when smaller parts combine. Think cohesion.

Covalent Bonds

A bond where atoms share electrons.

Ionic bond

A bond where atoms transfer electrons—becoming anions and cations.

Hydrogen Bonds

A weak attraction between water molecules (water).

Ion

An atom w/ a charge from losing or gaining an electron. Gain=neg, lose=pos

Polar

Atoms with oppositely charges that attract towards each other creating lattice structures.

Solvent

The substance that dissolves another substance.

Density

How tightly packed the particles of something are.

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature without much change.

Solute

The substance being dissolved.

Solution

A substance created from a solute+solvent.

Solubility

How easily something dissolves in water.

Dissolution

The process of something dissolving.

Salinity

The salt content in water.

Precipitation

Rain

Run-off

The draining of water and sediments from land.

Evaporation

The process of turning liquid into vapor.

Hypersaline

An aquatic environment that is saltier than typical seawater.

Halocline

Depth; layers of salinity in a body of water.