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Is the equilibrium constant k or K?
K
what is the speed of how fast something develops when at equilibrium
same as the speed that it breaks down at
do reactions continue to happen at equilibrium?
yes
what is Q
reaction quotient
what is the equation for the reaction quotient based on concentration?
[x]^x [D]^y / [A]^m [B]^n
when do you use the reaction quotient equation to solve for Kc?
a reversable reaction that has reached equilibrium
at a given temperature, Kc is ____
constant
what are the units of the equilibrium constant?
there are none
how to solve for Kp with pressures
Pc^x x Pd^y / PA^m x PB ^n
what state of matter can be used in a Kp equation
gasses
what happens to the Kc if initial concentration of reactants is different?
nothing
what does it mean if K »1
most of the reactants have been converted to products at equilibrium
what does it mean if K « 1
only a small proportion of the reactants have been converted to products at equilibrium
what direction will the reaction shift if Q<K
to the right
what happens to the concentration of products when a reaction shifts to the right
they increase
what happens to the concentration of reactants if a reaction shifts to the right
they decrease
what direction will the reaction shift if Q>K
to the left
what happens to the concentration of reactants if the reaction shifts to the left
increase
what happens to the concentration of products if the reaction shifts to the left
they decrease
what does it mean if Q=K
the reaction is at equilibrium
what is the coefficient rule
the coefficients are what you raise that piece of the equation to when calculating equilibrium constant
what is the reciprocal rule
the equilibrium constants for forward and reverse reactions are the reciprocals of each other
what is the rule of multiple equilibria
if a reaction can be the sum of two or more reactions (like Hess’s law), the K for the overall reaction is the product (multiply) of the equilibrium constant for the individual reactions
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle
when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting the disturbance
what can cause a distrubance in equilibrium (three factors)
change in concentration, pressure (volume), or temperature
what happens to K when species are added or removed
nothing
For the equation 2NO + O2 = 2NO2, what direction will the reaction shift to if more O2 is added to the system?
shift right
For the equation 2NO + O2 = 2NO2, what will happen to each of the reactants and products, and K if more O2 is added to the system?
NO2 increases, NO decreases, O2 increases a lot and decreases a little, K stays the same
For the equation 2NO + O2 = 2NO2, what direction will the reaction shift to if NO is removed from the system?
shift left
For the equation 2NO + O2 = 2NO2, what will happen to each of the reactants and products, and K if NO is removed from the system?
O2 will increase, NO decreases a lot and increases a little, NO2 decreases, K stays the same
what happens to a system when total pressure is increased?
it takes place in the direction that decreases the total number of moles of gas
what happens to a system when total pressure is decreased?
it takes place in the direction that increases the total number of moles of gas
what happens to the value of K if the system is compressed or expanded?
does not change
what is it called when pressure is decreased
expansion
what is it called when pressure is increased
compression
what is an inert gas
a gas that doesn’t react
what kind of gasses are inert
nobel gasses
what happens to the equilibrium position if an inert gas is added
nothing, it increases pressure but not partial pressure
in an endothermic reaction, what direction does the equation shift if temperature increases
right
what happens to K in an endothermic reaction if T increases?
increases
what happens to the concentration of A and B in an endothermic reaction if temperature increased
they decrease
what happens to the concentration of C in an endothermic reaction if temperature increased
it increases
what direction does an equation shift towards if the reaction is endothermic and temperature decreases
shifts left
what happens to the concentration of C if the temperature of an endothermic reaction decraeses
decreases
what happens to the concentration of A and B in an endothermic reaction if the temperature increases
they increase
what happens to K in an endothermic reaction if the temperature decreased
would decrease
what direction would an exothermic reaction shift towards if temperature increased
the left
what would happen to the concentration of c in an exothermic reaction if temperature increases
decreases
what would happen to the concentration of A and B in an exothermic reaction if temperature increases
they would increase
what would happen to K in an exothermic reaction if temperature increases
it would decrease
what direction would an exothermic reaction shift towards if temperature decreased
shift right
what would happen to the concentration of C in an exothermic reaction if T decreased
it would increase
what would happen to the concentration of A and B if T decreased in an exothermic reaction
they would decrease
what would happen to k in an exothermic reaction if temperature decreased
it would increase
in an exothermic reaction, K decreases as T _________
increases
in an endothermic reaction, K increases as T ______________
increases
what effect does a catalyst have on equilibrium position?
none (does not affect shifting left or right)
what effect does a catalyst have on the equilibrium constant?
no effect
what effect does a catalyst have on the time it takes to reach equilibrium
it increases the speed
what is the I in ICE
initial (initial pressure of gas)
what is the C in ICE
change (change in pressure)
what is the E in ICE
equilibrium ( the pressure at equilibrium)
what part of ICE is used to calculate KP
E/equilibrium
Note 
Flashcard (41)