Procedures II - Lecture Exam 1

T12-S1

what anatomy is seen on the AP lumbar

70-85

kVp range for AP open mouth

70-85

kVp range for AP axial cervical

70-85

kVp range for cervical obliques

70-85

kVp range for lateral cervical

75-95

kVp range for CTL cervical swimmer's

75-90

kVp for AP thoracic

80-95

kVp range for lateral thoracic

80-95

kVp range for thoracic obliques

75-90

kVp range for AP lumbar

75-90

kVp range for lumbar obliques

80-90

kVp range for lateral lumbar

85-95

kVp range for the L5-S1 lumbar projection

80-90

kVp range for the AP axial L5-S1 projection

80-95

kVp range for lumbar lateral hyperflexion/hyperextension

75-90

kVp range for the sacrum

75-85

kVp range for the coccyx

85-95

kVp range for the lateral sacrum/coccyx

orthostatic (continuous breathing)

what breathing is recommended for the lateral thoracic projection?

to blur unwanted rib and lung markings overlying thoracic vertebra

what is the purpose of orthostatic breathing?

lumbar vertebra at 45 degrees

what spinal vertebra shows the scottie dog and at what patient angle?

transverse process

this structure is the nose of the scottie dog

pedicle

this structure is the eye of the scottie dog

pars interarticularis

this structure is the neck of the scottie dog

inferior articular process

this structure is the front leg of the scottie dog

superior articular process

this structure is the ear of the scottie dog

zygapophyseal joint

this structure forms the ear/front leg joint of connecting scottie dogs

7

number of cervical vertebra

12

number of thoracic vertebra

5

number of lumbar vertebra

5

number of bones in a child sacrum

4

number of bones in a child coccyx

33

number of bones making up the child vertebral column

26

number of bones making up the adult vertebral column

cervical and lumbar

which sections of the spine have concave curvature

thoracic and sacral

which sections of the spine have convex curvature

kyphosis

exaggerated thoracic curvature with increased convexity, "humpback"

lordosis

exaggerated lumbar curvature with increased concavity, "swayback"

C3-C6

the typical cervical vertebra

bifid spinous process, articular pillar, and three foramina

the unique characteristics of cervical vertebra

T5-T8

the typical thoracic vertebra

rib articulations and caudally pointed spinous processes

the unique characteristics of thoracic vertebra

through the center of the mouth

CR on the AP open mouth

15-20 degrees cephlad

CR angle for the cervical AP axial

upper thyroid cartilage (C4)

CR on the cervical AP/lateral/hyperflexion/hyperextension

15 degrees cephlad

CR angle for cervical posterior obl?

15 degrees caudad

CR angle for cervical anterior obl?

1 inches above the jugular notch (T1)

CR on the CTL cervical swimmer's

inferior mandible

CR on the AP cervical fuchs method

level of mastoid processes

CR on the PA cervical judd method

mentomeatal line (MML)

CR is parallel to this for the fuchs/judd methods

upper thyroid cartilage (C4)

CR on the AP "wagging jaw"

20-30 degrees caudad

CR angle on the pillar's projection

lower thyroid cartilage (C5)

CR on the pillar's projection

3-4 inches below jugular notch (T7)

CR on the thoracic AP/lateral/obliques

level of the crest

CR on the lumbar AP/lateral

1-2 inches above the crest, 2 inches medial from the ASIS

CR on the lumbar oblique

1.5 inches below the crest, 2 inches posterior from the ASIS

CR on the lumbar L5-S1 projection

30 cephlad for males, 35 cephlad for females

CR angle on the AP axial L5-S1

level of the ASIS

CR on the AP axial L5-S1

1-2 inches below the crest

on the lumbar lateral hyperflexion/hyperextension, the lower edge of the IR is placed this far from the crest

15 degrees cephlad

CR angle on the sacrum

2 inches above the greater trochanter/pubic symphysis

CR on the sacrum and coccyx projections

10 degrees caudad

CR angle on the coccyx

3-4 inches posterior from the ASIS

CR on the lateral sacrum/coccyx

40-72 inches

SID for cervical anterior/posterior obliques

60-72 inches

SID for the lateral cervical

60-72 inches

SID for the CTL swimmer's

60-72 inches

SID for the cervical hyperflexion/hyperextension

SID

if there is increased OID, then you need to increase ______ to counteract increased magnification

atlas, axis, and the C1-C2 joint

what anatomy is seen on AP open mouth

C3-T2

what anatomy is seen on cervical AP axial

45 degrees

patient rotation for cervical obliques

70 degrees

patient rotation for thoracic obliques

45 degrees

patient rotation for lumbar obliques

C2-C7

what anatomy is seen on cervical obliques

relax and drop them

on a lateral cervical, the patient does this with the shoulders

C1-C7/T1

what anatomy is seen on lateral cervical

one is raised above the head, one is down by the side

what is done with the arms on a cervical CTL swimmer's

C5-T3

what anatomy is seen on the cervical CTL swimmer's

C1-C7

what anatomy is seen on hyperflexion/hyperextension cervical laterals

separates them

hyperflexion cervical laterals do this to spinous processes

brings them closer

hyperextension cervical laterals do this to spinous processes

the dens in the foramen magnum

the fuchs/judd method shows this

it's continuously moved during exposure

what is done with the mandible for the AP "wagging jaw"

C1-C7

what anatomy is seen on the AP "wagging jaw"

posterior elements of mid/lower c spine

what anatomy is seen on the pillar's projection

flex knees and hips

what can the patient do to reduce thoracic curvature

C7-L1

what anatomy is seen on the AP thoracic

bring them up into right angles with elbows flexed

what should the patient do with their arms on the lateral thoracic

T1-L1

what anatomy is seen on the lateral thoracic

L1-S1

what anatomy is seen on lumbar obliques

continue!

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