Covalent Bonding and Naming

Diatomic molecule

2 atoms of the same element

Diatomic molecules are

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Molecule

covalently bonded atoms

Covalent Bond

atoms share electrons, between two nonmetals

single bond

1 pair of shared electrons between 2 atoms

double bond

2 pairs of shared electrons between 2 atoms

triple bond

3 pair of shared electrons between 2 atoms

Examples of Diatomic molecules

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

4

Number of bonds CARBON can make

2

Number of bonds OXYGEN can make

3

Number of bonds NITROGEN can make

1

Number of bonds CHLORINE can make

H2O

Dihydrogen monoxide

Example of a polar bond

H2O

Polar covalent bond

Unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule

Non-polar covalent bond

Equal sharing of electrons in a molecule

Covalent Molecule Names

Names using prefixes

lone pair

Pair of electrons associated with one atom in a molecule and not involved in bonding.

Lewis Dot Structure

diagram of a molecule using dots to represent valence electrons

Electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

Covalent compound properties

between 2 nonmetals, liquid or gas, not soluble, shared electrons

Ionic compound properties

between a metal and a nonmetal, solids, conduct electricity

mono

1

di

two

tri

three

tetra

four

penta

five

hexa

six

hepta

seven

octa

eight

nona

nine

deca

ten

dodeca

twelve

Expanded Octet Rule

When a central atom can have more than 8 shared electrons

less than an octet of valence electrons

when an atom may have less than eight valence electrons (examples: hydrogen, boron, or a group 2 metal)