Lecture Notes

Flashcards about Science, Technology, and Society.

Science, Technology, and Society (STS)

The interactions between science and technology and social, cultural, political, and economic contexts that shape and are shaped by them.

Science

Comes from the Latin word 'scientia.' A body of knowledge or facts, a way of thinking, and asks questions to increase understanding of the physical universe.

Technology

Comes from the Latin word 'techne' (art, skill). Applied science involving the design and use of devices, processes, and materials to solve practical problems and satisfy human needs.

Society

A group of people in a particular place and time who are linked by common goals and interests.

Environment

The natural world or ecosystem. The area in which something exists or lives, including physical, chemical, and biological factors.

STS Education

An outlook on science education that emphasizes the teaching of scientific and technological developments in their cultural, economic, social, and political contexts.

Issue

An idea on which people hold different beliefs and values.

Problem

A situation that is a risk for a given population.

Inculcation

Attempting to convince others of your value judgment.

Community Life

Shift from nomadic life to farming, leading to the development of cities with specialized labor, government, and religion.

Industrial Revolution

Invention of textile manufacturing machines, division of labor, increase in production, but also crowded cities and unsafe working conditions.

Twentieth Century Developments

Invention of the trolley car and automobile, leading to the birth of suburbs as an alternative to harsh city conditions.

Work

Technical innovations that saved physical energy and lessened people's workload, leading to the concept of leisure.

Health

The greatest innovation of technology dedicated to the advancement of medical science and increased longevity.

Progress

positive attributes of technology outweighing negative attributes, though negative consequences include environmental destruction and loss of what it means to be human.

Historical Antecedents

Encompasses ancient, middle age, modern, and Philippine antecedents, focusing on purpose, significance, and impact.

Formation of Civilizations

Uniting the populace inhabiting one common land, bringing forth common-day countries and societies, and increasing unity and survival among people.

Democratic Government

Comes from the Greek word 'Demokratia,' meaning 'Rule by the people,' introduced by Cleisthenes in 507 BC, giving people the right to voice in decision-making.

Marathon

A Greek soldier ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver news of victory; inspired the Olympic event.

Papyrus

Invented around 3000 BC by the Egyptians, made from the pith of the papyrus plant, serving as the modern-day paper.

Acta Diurna (Daily Acts)

Shared the turn of events in ancient Rome, such as military victories and gladiatorial bouts, serving as the prototype newspaper.

Battle of Hastings

The battle for the throne that re-established the government seats and ended the Anglo-Saxon era (Vikings).

The Great Schism of 1054

Split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches in 1054, creating the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

Magna Carta

Demonstrates that the power of the king could be limited by a written grant and founded the English Liberties of today.

Hundred Years of War

Series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the house of Plantagenet against the House of Valois over the right to rule the kingdom of France.

The Domesday Book

Provides extensive records of landholders, their tenants, land owned, people occupying the land, resources, buildings, and the value of the land.

Technology

Applications of science considered useful for promoting the benefit of society.

Artificial Intelligence

Intelligence demonstrated by machines, using cognitive functions to achieve goals.

Cars

Wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation and as a source of income.

CCTV

Allows you to monitor your properties to prevent theft, control inventory, and maximize productivity.

WiFi

Wireless networking technology that allows devices to communicate over a wireless signal.

Barangay

Pre-Hispanic family villages that grew into the present Philippine barangay council.

Alibata

Ancient writing system used in the Philippines before the Spanish period.

Pre-Spanish Era Life Sciences

Practices linked to science and technology, including awareness of medicinal properties of plants and methods of extracting medicine from herbs.

Martial Law Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos

He imposed martial law to suppress civil strife and the threat of a communist takeover, though his regime was infamous for corruption.

Revolution

A fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization when the population revolt against the government.

The Copernican Revolution

Rediscovered the heliocentric model, stating that all the spheres orbit the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe.

Galileo Galilei

Italian mathematician and philosopher who performed experiments to test his ideas and invented the telescope.

Darwinian Revolution

Explains how organisms have arisen and diversified from earlier organisms through descent with modification and natural selection.

Freudian Revolution

Austrian doctor and father of psychoanalysis who believed that mental illness is a result of nurture, not nature.

Meso-American Revolution

Civilizations that emerged during the Ice Age as nomads settled into farming villages, including the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas.

African Revolution

Racist terminology referring to both the peoples of Africa and their alleged ignorance, though Africa has diverse groups with unique cultures and histories.

The Industrial Revolution

A fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines, triggering far-reaching changes to industrialized societies.

Information Revolution

Digital communication used in the production, distribution, and reception of communication, using new communication networks like the Internet.