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Balfour Declaration
A statement by the British government in 1917 supporting the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Beer Hall Putsch
A failed Nazi revolution in 1923, also known as the Munich Putsch
Bielski Brothers
A group of brothers who formed a Jewish partisan resistance group in Poland during the Holocaust
Bigotry
A stubborn belief or extreme prejudice against a particular person or group
Blitzkrieg
The use of airplane bombings and massive tank attacks for quick conquests
Blood And Soil
The idea that the Aryan bloodline, specifically Germans, needed more land
Blood Libel
A medieval antisemitic myth that accused Jews of using Christian blood in religious rituals
Boycott
A form of protest in which people refuse to buy or participate in something
Brownshirts
The volunteer militia of the Nazi Party, also known as Storm Troopers or SA
Bystander
A person who witnesses events but does not become involved
Chancellor
The prime minister in a parliamentary government
Cold War
A rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II
Collaborators
Those who worked with the Nazis to bring about various elements of the Holocaust
Complicity
Being a part of illegal or immoral activities
Confessing Church
A religious movement in Germany opposing excessive government control by the Nazi State
Courier
A messenger carrying urgent or important news
CRISPR
A revolutionary biological tool for editing genes
Culpability
Legal or moral responsibility for a wrongdoing
Czechoslovakia
A country south of Germany and Poland, formed after World War I
Dachau
The first concentration camp established by the Nazis in 1933
Danzig
A city between Germany and Poland with independent status
Dawes Plan
A solution to German hyperinflation in 1924, involving loans from the United States
Death Marches
Forced evacuations of prisoners from concentration camps in the last months of the war
Dehumanize
To deny a person's full humanity
Demilitarized Zone
An area where no military personnel are allowed
Diaspora
The dispersal of the Jews from their ancestral homeland
Dismantle
To take apart, usually referring to a machine or complex agreement
Displaced Persons Camp
Camps set up for refugees after World War II
Dolchstoss Myth
The myth that Germany's military had been winning World War I and only lost due to betrayal
Dreyfus Affair
The conviction of French military captain Alfred Dreyfus for treason in 1894, with antisemitic undertones
Due Process
The legal procedures to determine guilt or innocence
Dutch Resistance
An underground movement in the Netherlands to resist Nazi control
Eichmann, Adolf
A Nazi official involved in the planning of the Holocaust
Einsatzgruppen
Mobile killing squads that murdered Jews during World War II
Emaciated
Unusually thin and weak, often due to illness or starvation
Enabling Act
A law that gave Hitler full powers to make and enforce laws without the Reichstag
Eugenics
The idea that only the healthiest people should reproduce
Ex Post Facto
A law that changes the legal consequences for an action committed before the law existed
Fallacy
A mistaken belief founded on inaccuracies and unsound logic
Forced Evacuations
The Nazi euphemism for forcing people to move from one place to another
Frank, Anne
A teenage victim of the Holocaust known for her diary
Führer
The German word for 'leader,' used by Hitler as his title
Genocide
The deliberate attempt to eliminate a racial or ethnic group through mass killing
Gentile
A non-Jewish person
German Völkisch Movement
An attempt to define a true 'German' based on a fundamental core of the German people
Gestapo
The secret state police of Nazi Germany
Ghetto
A district where Jews were forced to live
Goebbels, Joseph
The Minister of Propaganda for the Nazi government
Grey Zone
The moral challenges faced by those caught between the Nazis and passive acceptance of death
Grynszpan, Herschel
A Jewish man who killed a German diplomat, sparking the Kristallnacht violence
Guerilla Warfare
Fighting tactics employed by small operational groups
Göring, Hermann
Commander-in-chief of the German Air Force and Hitler's successor
Hague Conventions
Treaties establishing internationally recognized rules for warfare
Hall Of Names
A memorial at Yad Vashem listing all known victims of the Holocaust
Abdicate
To give up or deny something, such as a monarch stepping down from power
Annihilation Through Labor
The policy of working Jews to death in concentration camps as slave labor
Anschluss
The forced absorption of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938
Antisemitism
Prejudice against or hatred of Jewish people
Appease
To give in to someone's demands in order to maintain peace
Armistice
A ceasefire agreement to stop fighting and allow for peace negotiations
Aryanism
The ideology that assumes a racial hierarchy with the Aryan race at the top
Asocial
A term used by the Nazis to describe groups of people they considered bad for society
Atlantis
A fictitious island mentioned in the works of Plato
Authoritarian
A government that prioritizes its own power over democratic freedoms and diversity of ideas
Himmler, Heinrich
The leader of the SS and main organizer of the Holocaust
Hindenburg, Paul Von
The last German president before Hitler took power
Hitler Youth
The only legal youth organization for young German males under Nazi rule
Holocaust Denial
The attempt to disprove or minimize the Holocaust
Honorary Aryans
Non-Aryans treated as Aryans by the Nazis
Ideology
A core set of ideas that shape a person's or group's interpretation of the world
Imperialism
Taking control of foreign lands for economic and political exploitation
Industrial Revolution
The shift to large-scale factory production
International Military Tribunal
The tribunal formed to conduct the Nuremberg Trials
Jewish Question
The debate about the integration of Jews into European society
Jewry
An old term for Jewish people as a group
Judenfrei
German for 'Jew-free,' the goal of removing all Jews from Nazi-controlled territories
Judenrat
A Jewish council established by the Nazis to carry out their orders in ghettos
Judenrein
German for 'cleansed of Jews,' intensifying the dehumanizing term 'Judenfrei'
Judensau
A highly offensive image in medieval German artwork depicting Jews in contact with a pig
Kaiser
German for 'Caesar,' referring to the Roman emperor
Kapo
A prisoner in a concentration camp assigned to supervise other prisoners
Kinder, Küche, Kirche
German words for 'children, kitchen, church,' a Nazi slogan defining the roles of German women
Kindertransport
A rescue operation that moved Jewish children from Germany to the United Kingdom
Kristallnacht
The night of November 8-9, 1938, when there were pogroms against Jews all over Germany
Law For The Protection Of German Blood And German Honor
A Nuremberg Law banning marriages between Germans and Jews
League Of German Maidens
The only legal organization for young German females under Nazi rule
League Of Nations
An international organization formed after World War I to maintain world peace
Lebensraum
The Nazi obsession with gaining more territory for Germany and the 'Aryan people'
Liquidation
The final destruction of a ghetto and its inhabitants
Lubbe, Marinus Van Der
A Dutch communist who set fire to the Reichstag building
Luftwaffe
The German Air Force
Mandate Of Palestine
The League of Nations territory controlled by the British, containing the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people
Mein Kampf
A book written by Adolf Hitler describing his political views
Messiah
A person anointed with oil, often in a religious ceremony
Middle Ages
The period in history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance
Militarism
The belief in maintaining a large military for national strength
Minutes
The official record or notes of a meeting
Monotheistic
Based on belief in one god over all creation
Moscow Declaration Of German Atrocities
A 1943 declaration by the Allies to Germany about prosecuting war criminals
Munich Pact
An agreement in 1938 allowing Germany to annex the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
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