Chemical elements, compounds and reactions, molecular structure and bonding

How quickly can a chemical reaction happen?

Fractions of a second

How slow can a chemical reaction take?

Years

What are reaction rates for a chemical reaction?

Frequency of contact, temperature, and properties of interacting reactants

What accelerates reaction rates?

CatalystsW

What decreases reaction rate?

Inhibitors

What is a combination reaction?

When two or more reactants combine to make a single productW

What are combination reactions also called?

Synthesis Reactions

What side of the arrow is the reactant?

Left

What side of the arrow is the product?

Right

What is a compound?

Substances containing two or more elements

How are compounds formed?

Chemical reactions

Are solutions homogenous or heterogenous?

Homogenous

Solutions contain how many substances?

Two or more

How are mixtures different from solutions?

Substances have combined, but haven’t reacted chemically,

What is a decomposition reaction?

A reactant is broken down into two or more products

What is thermal decomposition caused by?

Heat

How is electrolytic decomposition caused?

Electricity

Most decomposition reactions are

endothermic, energy is absorbed in the process

Byproducts of a decomposition reaction are often

Different from the original

What are double replacement or metathesis reactions?

When two or more bonds are replaced by two compounds to form two different compounds

Organic compounds usually contain

Carbon

What are the two types of classification for organic compounds?

Natural v. Synthetic and Small v. Large

How are natural compounds produced?

Plants and animals

How are synthetic compounds produced?

By humans

Inorganic compounds generally lack

Carbon

How are inorganic compounds usually produced?

Through geological processes

What do Lewis Formulas show?

The bonding or non-bonding of specific valence electron pairs

What do strong acids and bases have in common?

Both completely disassociate in water, with strong electrolytes

What do weak acids and bases have in common?

Do not disassociate completely in water

What is an acid?

A substance that releases hydrogen when dissolved in water

What is a base?

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions and produces hydroxide ions

What is an element?

Matter in its most basic form

What do all elements in a column have in common?

# of Valence Electron shells

What do all elements in a row have in common?

Electron configuration, or same energy level

How many elements in the periodic table are natural

98

How many elements in the periodic table are there in total?

114

What are rows also called?

Periods

What are columns also called?

Groups

What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element, with different number of neutrons

Why do isotopes of the same element behave the same chemically?

They all have the same number of valence electrons

What is ionization energy?

The amount of energy that it takes to remove the first valence electron of an atom

As you go from left to right, the ionization energy

Increases

As you go up the periodic table, the ionization energy

Increases