Chapter 23 Over-the-Counter Drug Therapy

Nonprescription OTC products are considered to be

Safe and effective for people to use without instructions from a healthcare provider about how they are able to be taken.

Over the counter drug labels are

More complete and easier to understand than a prescription.

Over the counter drugs are widely available at

Pharmacies, gas stations, and department stores.

Over the counter drugs usually cost

Less than a prescription

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that

Over the counter product labels contain important information.

Label Characteristics for Product Labeling Over the Counter Drugs

Standard labeling, active ingredients, drugs purpose and use, warnings, directions, other information, & inactive ingredients.

Childhood considerations for Over the Counter Drugs

Follow age limits and use child-resistant caps.

Alternative Drugs

Herbal therapies, aromatherapy, chiropractic, acupuncture, massage, and homeopathy.

Complementary Drugs

Alternative drugs along with standard medical care.

The FDA does NOT require

Manufactures to determine purity/potency of herbal products.

Actions and Uses of Cannabis

Decreases nausea, pain, and inflammation; increases appetite.

Cannabis has possible

Anticancer effects

Cannabis treats symptoms of

HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, disease-related pain, seizures, and mental illness/substance abuse.

Common side effects of Cannabis

Dry mouth, sedation, cough, dysphoria, reddened eyes, altered visual perception, lack of coordination, and altered sense of time.

Adverse effects of cannabis

Daily use is found to be 1/3 more likely to develop Coronary Artery Disease (C.A.D) when compared to those who have never used the drug.

Drug interactions of Cannabis

Drugs involving CYP enzymes, warfarin, alcohol, barbiturates, and benziazepines.

If an individual using cannabis also uses warfarin

It can increase INR

Vitamins

Chemical compounds found naturally in plants/animals tissues, most are NOT made in human body.

Fat-soluble vitamins are found primarily in

Plant and animal oils/fats.

Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in

The body, therefore daily intake is NOT essential.

Water-soluble vitamins are found in

Fruits, vegetables, diary, meat, legumes, eggs, and fortified foods.

Water-soluble vitamins can be

Destroyed by heat

Water-soluble deficiencies

Quickly seen

How many inorganic substances are found in the body?

19

How many inorganic substances are essential to normal metabolism and function?

13

Electrolytes are commonly infused to

Critically ill individuals unable to take food by mouth.

Common Minerals

Calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc.

Vitamin A is responsible for

Immune function, vision, RBC formation, reproduction, & growth and development.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

Vitamin A is used for

Celiac disease (sprue), colitis, night time blindness, impaired immunity, and hematopoiesis.

Vitamin D promotes

Calcium and phosphorus absorption, bone growth, nervous system function, and BP regulation.

Vitamin D is used for

Rickets, osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, fractures, and depression.

Vitamin E is

An antioxidant

Vitamin E is essential for

Immune function and blood vessel formation

Vitamin K is essential in

Blood Clotting

Vitamin K is effective in treating

Blood Clotting Disorders

Vitamin E is used to treat

Low birth weight and impaired fat metabolism.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamin C, vitamin B12, vitamin B9, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and vitamin B1.

Vitamin C is also known as

Ascorbic acid

Vitamin B12 is also known as

Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B9 is also known as

Folic acid/folate.

Vitamin B3 is also known as

Niacin

Vitamin B6 is also known as

Pyridoxine

Vitamin B2 is also known as

Riboflavin

Vitamin B1 is also known as

Thiamine

What does Vitamin B1 do?

Converts food into energy and is essential in nervous system function.

What does Vitamin B2 do?

Converts food into energy and is essential for growth and development and RBC formation.

Vitamin B6 is essential for

Immune function, nervous system function, RBC formation, protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.

Vitamin B3s main role

Produces cholesterol, nervous system function, digestion, & converts food into energy.

Vitamin B9 plays a role in

Preventing birth defects & RBC formation

Vitamin B12 is essential for

RBC formation, nervous system function, and converts food into energy.

Vitamin C is essential for

Collagen formation, healing, immune function, and iron absorption.

Vitamin C is often used to treat

Scurvy

Vitamin B12 is often used to treat

Pernicious anemia

Vitamin B9 is used to treat

Folic acid anemia

Vitamin B3 is often used to treat

Pellagra

Vitamin B6 is used to treat

B6 Anemia

Vitamin B2 is essential in treating

Discomfort eating, sore throat, stomatitis, mouth & tongue redness.

Vitamin B1 is often used to treat

Beriberi

An INR lab test is

A test ran to determine the thickness of blood.