Supreme Court Cases

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

What did McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) determine?

Confirmed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.

What was the significance of Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)?

Protected the college's charter from state interference, reinforcing the sanctity of contracts.

What was the ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

Strengthened federal power by asserting that Congress has the exclusive right to regulate interstate commerce.

What did Worcester v. Georgia (1832) establish?

Affirmed that the federal government had authority in dealings with Native American nations, invalidating state laws that interfered.

What was the outcome of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)?

Ruled that African Americans could not be American citizens and that Congress had no authority to regulate slavery in the territories.

What did Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) uphold?

Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation.

What was the ruling in Schenck v. United States (1919)?

Held that free speech could be limited during wartime if it posed a 'clear and present danger.'

What did Korematsu v. United States (1944) decide?

Upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II as a wartime necessity.

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

What did Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) establish?

Recognized a constitutional right to privacy, striking down a law banning contraceptives.

What was the significance of Loving v. Virginia (1967)?

Invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage, affirming the right to marry regardless of race.

What did Miranda v. Arizona (1966) require?

Mandated that individuals in police custody be informed of their rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination.

What was the ruling in Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?

Held that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts cannot be limited, equating money with free speech.