Anatomy & Physiology - Semester 1 Exam

Elaine Marieb - 9th Edition - MPOA

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Superior

Toward the head.

Superficial

Toward the body surface.

Medial

Toward the midline.

Lateral

Away from the midline.

Proximal

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Deep

Away from the body surface.

Dorsal

Behind.

Ventral

In front of.

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:

Physiology.

The main function of the respiratory system is:

Supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the:

Endocrine system.

The muscular system consists of the:

Skeletal muscles.

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues:

Integumentary system.

A sections the divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called:

Median (midsagittal).

This type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity:

Transverse.

The thoracic cavity is \________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

Superior.

The study of the structure of the body is:

Anatomy.

\________ is defined as the maintenance of relativity stable internal conditions.

Homestasis.

The study of the function is referred to as:

Physiology.

Integumentary

Skin.

Urinary

Kidney.

Respiratory

Lungs.

Skeletal

Bone.

Endocrine

Pituitary gland.

Reproductive

Produce gametes.

Digestive

Absorb nutrients.

Cardiovascular

Transport.

Muscular

Generate heat.

Lymphatic

Immunity.

A type of feedback loop that results in a reversal of the stimulus is called:

Negative feedback.

True or false: the four most common elements in the human body, in order of descending quantity, are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

False.

The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of:

Protons in the atomic nucleus.

Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of \_______ in an atom.

Protons and neutrons.

The particles contributing to the atomic mass:

Protons and neutrons.

The particles contributing to the atomic number:

Protons.

The particles shared during covalent bond formation:

Electrons.

The particles that differ between isotopes:

Neutrons.

The particles located within the nucleus:

Protons and neutrons.

The number of protons is equal to the number of these subatomic particles in a neutral atom:

Electrons.

An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a:

Cation.

This leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction:

Increased temperature.

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the:

Electrons.

True or false: Negatively charged atoms are called cations.

False.

An atom that has lost two electrons is called an:

Cation.

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is:

14.

The movement of ions (charged particles) across cell membranes is an example of:

Electrical energy.

Isotopes have different numbers of \________; thus they also have different \________.

neutrons; atomic masses.

True or false: Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy.

False.

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for:

Surface tension.

What DNA base pairs are complementary?

Adenine and Thymine, and Guanine and Cytosine.

In the chemical reaction, HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl, the chemical NaOH is considered to be:

Base.

True or false: Phospholipids are composed of three fatty acid chains attached to one glycerol head.

False.

True or false: Carbon is found in all inorganic compounds.

False.

Most abundant inorganic compound in the body:

Water.

Substance that release equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions:

Neutral.

Ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogens and anions other than hydroxyls:

Salt.

Substance the releases hydrogen ions:

Acid.

Atoms become more stable when they form compounds because:

Their outer orbitals become filled when they form compounds.

True or false: The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element.

True.

True or false: RNA is single stranded.

True.

Monomers are joined together to form more complex modules through:

Synthesis reactions.

An atom with an atom number of 14 will have \________ electrons in its valence shell.

4.

The most common steroid is:

Cholesterol.

Water molecules break up other polar substances:

Such as salts, because of the uneven charge distribution that exists in water molecules, freeing ions in these substances for use by the body.

The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions.

True.

True or false: Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body.

True.

Glucose and starch are examples of:

Carbohydrates.

A solution with a pH of 7:

Is neutral.

Building block is the monosaccharide:

Carbohydrates.

DNA, RNA, and ATP are types of these organic compounds:

Nucleic acids.

Triglycerides, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins are types of these organic compounds.

Lipids.

Antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes are types of these organic compounds:

Proteins.

Type of lipid composed of four interlocking rings:

Steroids.

These are synthesized by dehydration synthesis of fatty acid chains and glycerol:

Triglycerides.

Nucleotides form the building blocks of these organic compounds:

Nucleic acids.

Acidic solutions have a pH that is:

Less than 7.

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of \____ electrons.

2.

The most abundant element in the human body is:

Oxygen.

Oxidation-reductions reactions are important in organisms because they:

Allow the passage of energy from molecule to molecule.

\________ is the most common solvent in cells.

Water.

A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called an:

Organelle.

Synthesizes cholesterol and fat:

Smooth ER.

Uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances:

Peroxisomes.

Captures energy to produce ATP.

Mitochondria.

Packages substances for release from cell:

Golgi apparatus.

Increases surface area of plasma membrane for absporbtion:

Microvilli.

Internal framework composed of a network of protein structures:

Cytoskeleton.

Genetic control center of the cell:

Nucleus.

Site of protein synthesis:

Ribosome.

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules:

Centrioles.

Proteins are made on the:

Ribosomes.

A particular active cell might contain a large number of:

Mitochondria.

The smallest unit of life in all living things are:

Cells.

Thin coverings that surround cells:

Are thin coverings that surround cells.

The plasma membrane:

Encloses the contents of a cell, allows material to enter and leave the cell, is selectively permeable.

In what organelle is a cell's ATP produced:

Mitochondrion.

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that:

Receives proteins and lipids from the ER, labels the molecules made in the ER with tags that specify their destination, and releases molecules in vesicles.

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the:

Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as:

Gap junctions.