Unit 4 Biomedical Technology: Cell Biology and Cancer

Normal Preventative Measures for Cancer, Risk and Rates, Basic Knowledge

DNA Repair System

Which defense to mutation is a system that finds and fixes errors caused by carcinogens in DNA?

Cells do not repair themselves and more mutations occur more frequently

What happens if the DNA repair system has a mutation?

Cell Apoptosis

Which defense to mutation is cell death due to an abnormality in the cell or its control system, aka “cell suicide”?

The system contributes to tumor growth and makes cancerous cells resistant to treatment

What happens if cell apoptosis has a mutation?

These treatments change the cell enough for cell apoptosis to occur with DNA changes

What does chemotherapy and radiation do for cancer patients?

The mutation causes the cell to not change enough to die, only damaging its cell walls

How do mutations to cell apoptosis make chemotherapy and radiation ineffective as treatment options?

Limitation in Cell Division

Which defense to mutation involves telomeres that shrink with each cell division, eventually stopping cell divisions after the loss of telomeres (goes unnoticed)?

Telomerase replaces parts of telomeres trimmed in cell divisions

What happens if limitations in cell division have a mutation?

1:2

What is the lifetime risk for males developing cancer?

1:3

What is the lifetime risk for females developing cancer?

light skin, old age, male, has cancer gene

What are 4 hereditary risk factors associated with developing cancer?

Survival Rate

What is the name of the rate that measures the # of people per 100,000 who survive after a certain period of time?

Incidence Rate

What is the name of the rate that measures the # of people per 100,000 who survive after being diagnosed with cancer?

Mortality Rate

What is the name of the rate that measures the # of people per 100,000 deaths after a certain period of time?

Dominant

Which phenotype results from the genotype TT?

Dominant

Which phenotype results from the genotype Tt?

Recessive

Which phenotype results from the genotype tt?

2

How many minimum patient identifiers are needed when patients undergo a procedure at a medical center?

Melanoma

What is skin cell cancer?

Lung cancer

Which cancer has the highest amount of deaths between both genders?

Cervical cancer

Which cancer affects the cervix and is mostly caused by HPV?

Carcinoma

What is a mass of cancerous cells (tumor) in epithelial skin or internal organ linings?

Excision

Which type of biopsy involves removing a small part of tissue to find lesion composition or abnormality (entire part taken out)?

Biopsy

What is a procedure that removes cells to observe a progressive disease?

Core Needle Aspiration

Which type of biopsy involves removing a small part of suspicious tissue with a large, hollow needle?

Fine Needle Aspiration

Which type of biopsy involves inserting a thin needle into abnormal tissue/body fluid (aka cytology)?

Endoscopic

Which type of biopsy involves reaching body tissue in the bladder, colon, and lungs with an endoscope as visual aid?