Spanish exam 1

Present tense

shows action that is happening now

preterite

completed action

preterite perfect

had

present perfect

have/has

Future tense

shows action that will happen

Future Perfect Tense

Used for an action that will have been completed at some time in the future.

Usually comes with a word or phrase indicating that time.

Form: will have + past participle

→ By the time you arrive, I will have finished getting ready.

Preterite -ar

e, aste, o, amos, aron

Preterite ER/IR

i, iste, io, imos, ieron

imperfect ar endings

aba, abas, aba, abamos, abaron

Imperfect ER/IR

ia, ias, ia, iamos, ian

Present AR

o, as, a, amos, àis, an

Present ER

o, es, e, emos, eis, en

present ir endings

o, es, e, imos, is, en

Future AR/ER/IR

[inf.] -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án

para vs por

for vs by

Para describes

Goal, destination or purpose - final destination, deadline, from someone

Por describes

A motion or exchange - reason, duration , by someone

Adverb

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

ser

to be

helping verbs

am, doing, is

estar

to be (temporary)

an action currently happening - usually ends in "ing" - present progressive

AR - ando

IR - iendo

present progressive -ar

stem + -ando

present progressive er/ir

stem + iendo

present progressive leer

-yendo (leyendo)

ir+a+infinitive

to be going to+verb (to be going to)

ir (yo)

to go (voy)

ir (tu)

vas (you go)

ir (ella, el, usted)

Va ( he/she go)

ir (nosotros)

vamos (we go)

ir (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

van (they go, you all go)

Ser

to be (DOCTOR)

Estar

to be (PLACE)

D in doctor (ser)

description (i am __)

O in doctor (ser)

occupation (job)

C in doctor (ser)

characteristic (they are ____)

t in doctor (ser)

time and date

O in doctor (ser) (second o)

origin/ownership - she is from

r in doctor (ser)

relationship - she is my sister

P in place (estar)

position - physical position - sitting, standing, object position

L in place (estar)

location - permanently, temporary, actually and conceptually

a in place (estar)

action - ongoing action using present progressive

C in place (estar)

condition - physical, mental, feeling

E in place (estar)

emotion - feeling at current moment (can change)

yo (ser)

soy ( I am) (singular)

tu (soy)

eres - you are

el/ella (ser)

es

nos (ser)

somos

ellos (ser)

son (they are - all guys or 1 guy)

tu (Estar)

estás

el/ella (estar)

esta (he/she is)

nos (estar)

estamos

ellos estar

están

dentro de

inside of

encima de

above

lejos de

far from

fuera de

outside of

debajo de

under

cerca de

close to

enfrente de

in front of

detras de

behind

ar imperfect

aba, abas, aba, , abamos, aban

-ar imperfect yo and el, ella, usted

aba

ar imperfect tu

abas

ar imperfect nos

abamos

ar imperfect ellos

aban

er imperfect yo form

ía

ER Imperfect- Tu form

ías

-er imperfect el/ella/usted

ía

-er imperfect nos

íamos

er imperfect ellos

ían

ser (yo and el/ella/usted - imperfect

era

tu (ser) -imperfect

eras

nos (ser) - imperfect

éramos

ellos (ser) imperfect

eran

ir imperfect endings

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, iban

ir imperfect (yo)

iba

ver

to see

ver imperfect

veia, veias, veia, veiamos, veian

preterite ar yo

e with accent

preterite ar - tu

aste

irregular preterite car ( ONLY IN YO FORM)

qué

irregular preterite gar (ONLY IN YO FORM)

gué

irregular preterite zar (ONLY IN YO FORM

cé

buscar - past tense yo form

busqué

pagar - past tense completed (ONLY IN YO FORM)

Parqué

fui (ser/ir)

fui,fuiste,fue,fuimos,fueron

preterite indicates

- a solo event

- 1 or more events

- a event that occurred that was interrupting another action

- changes in existing physical/mental state at a specific moment or due to isolated cause

imperfect indicate

- a ongoing action

- description that sets the stage for how things were or what was happening when there was a interruption

- general description of physical and mental being

- expression of the time of day or age in the past

tener

tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

adverbs usually end in

ly

alegre (rapid function)

alegremente

constantemente

constante (rapid function)

present perfect tense

finished in the past but related to the present

Ar - present perfect tense

Ado

ER/IR present perfect

ido

Present perfect yo

he

present perfect tu

has

present perfect el/ella

ha

present perfect nos

hemos